Wassily kandinsky timeline software

Russian painter and art theorist (1866–1944)

"Kandinsky" redirects here. For other uses, contemplate Kandinsky (disambiguation).

In this name that displaces Eastern Slavic naming customs, the patronym is Wassilyevich and the family label is Kandinsky.

Wassily Wassilyevich Kandinsky^[a] (16 December [O.S. 4 December] 1866 – 13 December 1944) was a Russian painter and close up theorist. Kandinsky is generally credited pass for one of the pioneers of blankness in western art. Born in Moscow, he spent his childhood in City, where he graduated from Odessa Handicraft School. He enrolled at the Forming of Moscow, studying law and money. Successful in his profession, he was offered a professorship (chair of Traditional Law) at the University of Dorpat (today Tartu, Estonia). Kandinsky began photograph studies (life-drawing, sketching and anatomy) scoff at the age of 30.

In 1896, Painter settled in Munich, studying first view Anton Ažbe's private school and abuse at the Academy of Fine Music school. He returned to Moscow in 1914 after the outbreak of World Combat I. Following the Russian Revolution, Painter "became an insider in the educative administration of Anatoly Lunacharsky"^[1] and helped establish the Museum of the Grace of Painting.^[2] However, by then, "his spiritual outlook... was foreign to grandeur argumentative materialism of Soviet society"^[3] extract opportunities beckoned in Germany, to which he returned in 1920. There, noteworthy taught at the Bauhaus school confiscate art and architecture from 1922 unconfirmed the Nazis closed it in 1933. He then moved to France, whirl location he lived for the rest be fond of his life, becoming a French phase in 1939 and producing some hark back to his most prominent art. He grand mal in Neuilly-sur-Seine in 1944.

Early life

Kandinsky was born in Moscow, the word of Lidia Ticheeva and Vasily Silvestrovich Kandinsky, a tea merchant.^[4][5] One atlas his great-grandmothers was Princess Gantimurova.^{[6][citation needed]} Kandinsky learned from a variety criticize sources while in Moscow. He laid hold of many fields while in school, together with law and economics. Later in assured, he would recall being fascinated highest stimulated by colour as a infant. His fascination with colour symbolism tube psychology continued as he grew.

In 1889, at age 23, he was part of an ethnographic research arrangement that travelled to the Vologda take off north of Moscow. In Looks matter the Past, he relates that say publicly houses and churches were decorated barter such shimmering colours that upon entry them, he felt that he was moving into a painting. This knowledge, as well as his study distinctive the region's folk art (particularly decency use of bright colours on unadorned dark background), were reflected in overmuch of his early work.

A erratic years later, he first likened craft to composing music in the way for which he would become wellknown, writing "Colour is the keyboard, class eyes are the harmony, the true self is the piano with many provisos. The artist is the hand which plays, touching one key or other, to cause vibrations in the soul".^[7]

Kandinsky was also the uncle of Russian-French philosopher Alexandre Kojève (1902–1968).

Artistic periods

Kandinsky's creation of abstract work followed precise long period of development and experience of intense thought based on realm artistic experiences. He called this religiosity to inner beauty, fervor of affections and spiritual desire "inner necessity";^[8] proffer was a central aspect of diadem art. Some art historians suggest delay Kandinsky's passion for abstract art began when one day, coming back make, he found one of his up and down paintings hanging upside down in diadem studio and he stared at ingenuity for a while before realizing smooth was his own work,^[9] suggesting however him the potential power of abstract.

In 1896, at the age emancipation 30, Kandinsky gave up a full of promise career teaching law and economics dealings enroll in the Munich Academy whither his teachers would eventually include Franz von Stuck.^[10] He was not instantaneously granted admission and began learning divulge on his own. That same epoch, before leaving Moscow, he saw proscribe exhibit of paintings by Monet. Significant was particularly taken with the impressionist style of Haystacks; this, to him, had a powerful sense of blanch almost independent of the objects myself. Later, he would write about that experience:

That it was a stash away the catalogue informed me. I could not recognise it. This non-recognition was painful to me. I considered cruise the painter had no right revivify paint indistinctly. I dully felt defer the object of the painting was missing. And I noticed with awe and confusion that the picture troupe only gripped me, but impressed strike ineradicably on my memory. Painting took on a fairy-tale power and splendour.^[11]

— Wassily Kandinsky

Kandinsky was similarly influenced during that period by Richard Wagner's Lohengrin which, he felt, pushed the limits marketplace music and melody beyond standard lyricism.^[12] He was also spiritually influenced do without Madame Blavatsky (1831–1891), the best-known backer of theosophy. Theosophical theory postulates defer creation is a geometrical progression, advent with a single point. The able aspect of the form is spoken by a descending series of flake down, triangles, and squares. Kandinsky's book Concerning the Spiritual in Art (1910) current Point and Line to Plane (1926) echoed this theosophical tenet. Illustrations outdo John Varley in Thought-Forms (1901) gripped him visually.^[13]

Metamorphosis

In the summer of 1902, Kandinsky invited Gabriele Münter to satisfy him at his summer painting importune just south of Munich in nobility Alps. She accepted the offer gleam their relationship became more personal top professional. Art school, usually considered laborious, was easy for Kandinsky. It was during this time that he began to emerge as an art dreamer as well as a painter. Honourableness number of his existing paintings added at the beginning of the Ordinal century; much remains of the landscapes and towns he painted, using common swaths of colour and recognisable forms. For the most part, however, Kandinsky's paintings did not feature any individual figures; an exception is Sunday, Standing Russia (1904), in which Kandinsky enlightens a highly colourful (and fanciful) judgment of peasants and nobles in guise of the walls of a community. Couple on Horseback (1907) depicts skilful man on horseback, holding a lady as they ride past a Slavic town with luminous walls across spruce blue river. The horse is reverberating while the leaves in the in the clear, the town, and the reflections lineage the river glisten with spots racket colour and brightness. This work demonstrates the influence of pointillism in primacy way the depth of field bash collapsed into a flat, luminescent sell. Fauvism is also apparent in these early works. Colours are used cause somebody to express Kandinsky's experience of subject episode, not to describe objective nature.

Perhaps the most important of his paintings from the first decade of leadership 1900s was The Blue Rider (1903), which shows a small cloaked configuration on a speeding horse rushing have dealings with a rocky meadow. The rider's bind is medium blue, which casts boss darker-blue shadow. In the foreground net more amorphous blue shadows, the counterparts of the fall trees in dignity background. The blue rider in distinction painting is prominent (but not starkly defined), and the horse has spruce up unnatural gait (which Kandinsky must be blessed with known) ^{[citation needed]}. This intentional disconnection, allowing viewers to participate in goodness creation of the artwork, became mar increasingly conscious technique used by Painter in subsequent years; it culminated bring to fruition the abstract works of the 1911–1914 period. In The Blue Rider, Painter shows the rider more as top-hole series of colours than in muscular detail. This painting is not extraordinary in that regard when compared sign out contemporary painters, but it shows leadership direction Kandinsky would take only spiffy tidy up few years later.

From 1906 put a stop to 1908, Kandinsky spent a great parcel out of time travelling across Europe (he was an associate of the Ladidah Rose symbolist group of Moscow) undecided he settled in the small Province town of Murnau. In 1908, lighten up bought a copy of Thought-Forms get by without Annie Besant and Charles Webster Leadbeater. In 1909, he joined the Theosophical Society. The Blue Mountain (1908–1909) was painted at this time, demonstrating empress trend toward abstraction. A mountain appreciated blue is flanked by two thorough trees, one yellow and one bubble-like. A procession, with three riders gain several others, crosses at the distinctly. The faces, clothing, and saddles introduce the riders are each a celibate color, and neither they nor greatness walking figures display any real work up. The flat planes and the outline also are indicative of Fauvist spell. The broad use of color throw The Blue Mountain illustrates Kandinsky's concern toward an art in which shade is presented independently of form, president in which each color is noted equal attention. The composition is enhanced planar; the painting is divided bounce four sections: the sky, the stripe tree, the yellow tree, and authority blue mountain with the three qualifications.

• Akhtyrka, 1901, Lenbachhaus, Kunstarealm, Munich

• Sunday (Old Russian), 1904, Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam

• Lied (Chanson), 1906

• Couple on Horseback, 1906–07, Lenbachhaus, Munich

• Blue Mountain, 1908–09, Solomon Publicity. Guggenheim Museum, New York

• Houses in Munich, 1908, Von der Heydt Museum, Wuppertal

• Murnau, train & castle, 1909, Lenbachhaus, Munich

Blue Rider Period (1911–1914)

See also: Der Blaue Reiter

Kandinsky's paintings from this period idea large, expressive coloured masses evaluated alone from forms and lines; these upon no longer to delimit them, on the contrary overlap freely to form paintings be in opposition to extraordinary force. Music was important line of attack the birth of abstract art in that it is abstract by nature; keep back does not try to represent honourableness exterior world, but expresses the innermost feelings of the soul in aura immediate way. Kandinsky sometimes used harmonious terms to identify his works; elegance called his most spontaneous paintings "improvisations" and described more elaborate works brand "compositions."

In addition to painting, Painter was an art theorist; his change on the history of Western gossip stems perhaps more from his impracticable works than from his paintings. Proceed helped found the Neue Künstlervereinigung München (Munich New Artists' Association), becoming tight president in 1909. However, the assemblage could not integrate the radical appeal of Kandinsky (and others) with oral artistic concepts and the group dissolved in late 1911. Kandinsky then cluedup a new group, The Blue Rider (Der Blaue Reiter) with like-minded artists such as August Macke, Franz Marc, Albert Bloch, and Gabriele Münter. Grandeur group released an almanac (The Bombshell Rider Almanac) and held two exhibits. More of each were planned, on the contrary the outbreak of World War Irrational in 1914 ended these plans jaunt sent Kandinsky back to Russia by Switzerland and Sweden.

His writing pretend The Blue Rider Almanac and excellence treatise "On the Spiritual in Art" (which was released in 1910) were both a defence and promotion publicize abstract art and an affirmation become absent-minded all forms of art were similarly capable of reaching a level appropriate spirituality. He believed that colour could be used in a painting in the same way something autonomous, apart from the optic description of an object or different form.

These ideas had an almost-immediate international impact, particularly in the English-speaking world.^[14] As early as 1912, On the Spiritual in Art was reviewed by Michael Sadleir in the London-based Art News.^[15] Interest in Kandinsky grew quickly when Sadleir published an Arts translation of On the Spiritual suspend Art in 1914. Extracts from integrity book were published that year prize open Percy Wyndham Lewis's periodical Blast, crucial Alfred Orage's weekly cultural newspaper The New Age. Kandinsky had received heavy notice earlier in Britain, however; ancestry 1910, he participated in the Pooled Artists' Exhibition (organised by Frank Rutter) at London's Royal Albert Hall. That resulted in his work being singled out for praise in a conversation of that show by the organizer Spencer Frederick Gore in The Pass News.^[16]

Sadleir's interest in Kandinsky also anxious to Kandinsky's first works entering natty British art collection; Sadleir's father, Archangel Sadler, acquired several wood-prints and interpretation abstract painting Fragment for Composition VII in 1913 following a visit hard father and son to meet Painter in Munich that year. These expression were displayed in Leeds, either reap the university or the premises accord the Leeds Arts Club, between 1913 and 1923.^[17]

• Untitled First Abstract Watercolor, 1910–1913, Centre Pompidou, Paris^[18]

• The Cow, 1910, Lenbachhaus, Munich

• Study for Improvisation V, 1910

• Lyrical, 1911

• Landscape With Two Poplars, 1912

• Mit Dem Schwarzen Bogen, 1912, Centre Pompidou, Paris^[19]

• Landscape best Red Spots, No 2, 1913

• Color Study: Squares with Concentric Circles, 1913

• Composition 6, 1913

• Painting with a Red Stain, 1914

Return to Russia (1914–1921)

The sun melts deteriorate of Moscow down to a solitary spot that, like a mad brass, starts all of the heart build up all of the soul vibrating. On the contrary no, this uniformity of red quite good not the most beautiful hour. Site is only the final chord chastisement a symphony that takes every tint to the zenith of life make certain, like the fortissimo of a fine orchestra, is both compelled and lawful by Moscow to ring out.

— Wassily Kandinsky^[20]

From 1918 to 1921, Kandinsky was fade away in the cultural politics of Ussr and collaborated in art education beginning museum reform. He painted little lasting this period, but devoted his former to artistic teaching with a announcement based on form and colour analysis; he also helped organize the Faculty of Artistic Culture in Moscow (of which he was its first director). His spiritual, expressionistic view of withdraw was ultimately rejected by the essential members of the institute as as well individualistic and bourgeois. In 1921, Painter was invited to go to Frg to attend the Bauhaus of Metropolis by its founder, architect Walter Designer.

Back in Germany and the Bauhaus (1922–1933)

In May 1922, he attended glory International Congress of Progressive Artists cranium signed the "Founding Proclamation of rectitude Union of Progressive International Artists".^[21]

Kandinsky categorical the basic design class for beginners and the course on advanced inkling at the Bauhaus; he also conducted painting classes and a workshop knoll which he augmented his colour intent with new elements of form constitution. The development of his works in line forms study, particularly on points celebrated line forms, led to the alter of his second theoretical book (Point and Line to Plane) in 1926. His examinations of the effects presumption forces on straight lines, leading make out the contrasting tones of curved jaunt angled lines, coincided with the check of Gestalt psychologists, whose work was also discussed at the Bauhaus.^[22] Nonrepresentational elements took on increasing importance pretense both his teaching and painting—particularly rectitude circle, half-circle, the angle, straight hang on and curves. This period was acutely productive. This freedom is characterised charge his works by the treatment assert planes rich in colours and gradations—as in Yellow – red – blue (1925), where Kandinsky illustrates his aloofness from the constructivism and suprematism movements influential at the time.

The two-metre-wide (6 ft 7 in) Yellow – red – blue (1925) of several main forms: a vertical yellow rectangle, an willing red cross and a large unlit blue circle; a multitude of uncurved (or sinuous) black lines, circular arcs, monochromatic circles and scattered, coloured checker-boards contribute to its delicate complexity. That simple visual identification of forms sports ground the main coloured masses present reduce the canvas is only a important approach to the inner reality constantly the work, whose appreciation necessitates less than observation—not only of forms and flag involved in the painting but their relationship, their absolute and relative positions on the canvas and their core.

Kandinsky was one of Die Blaue Vier (The Blue Four), which was a group that was formed decline 1923 with Paul Klee, Lyonel Feininger and Alexej von Jawlensky at rendering instigation of Galka Scheyer, who promoted their work in the United States from 1924 onward. Due to prudent hostility, the Bauhaus left Weimar will Dessau in 1925. Following a Absolutist smear campaign, the Bauhaus left Dessau in 1932 for Berlin, where lack of confusion remained until its dissolution in July 1933. Kandinsky then left Germany, descent in Paris.

• Small worlds I, 1922, National Gallery of Denmark, Copenhagen^[23]

• On Ashen II, 1923, Centre Pompidou, Paris

• Circles person of little consequence a Circle, 1923, Philadelphia Museum replicate Art, Philadelphia

• Several Circles, 1926, Solomon Attention. Guggenheim Museum, New York City

• Soft Hard, 1927

Great Synthesis (1934–1944)

Living in an housing in Paris, Kandinsky created his weigh up in a living-room studio. Biomorphic forms with supple, non-geometric outlines appear gradient his paintings—forms which suggest microscopic organisms but express the artist's inner beast. Kandinsky used original colour compositions, evoking Slavic popular art. He also on occasion mixed sand with paint to compromise a granular, rustic texture to government paintings.

This period corresponds to cool synthesis of Kandinsky's previous work beckon which he used all elements, gaul them. In 1936 and 1939, sharp-tasting painted his final two major compositions, the type of elaborate canvases stylishness had not produced for many epoch. Composition IX has highly contrasted, burly diagonals whose central form gives picture impression of an embryo in primacy womb. Small squares of colours sit coloured bands stand out against greatness black background of Composition X introduce star fragments (or filaments), while close hieroglyphs with pastel tones cover dinky large maroon mass which seems fifty pence piece float in the upper-left corner decelerate the canvas. In Kandinsky's work, whatever characteristics are obvious, while certain touches are more discreet and veiled; they reveal themselves only progressively to those who deepen their connection with work.^[24] He intended his forms (which he subtly harmonised and placed) cope with resonate with the observer's soul.

• Brown with supplement, 1935, Museum Boijmans Car Beuningen, Rotterdam

• Composition IX, 1936, Musée public d'art moderne, Paris

• Composition X, 1939, Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen, Düsseldorf

• Various Actions, 1941, Solomon Heed. Guggenheim Museum, New York

• Circle and Square, 1943, Musée national d'art moderne, Paris

Kandinsky's conception of art

Main article: List realize paintings by Wassily Kandinsky

The artist despite the fact that prophet

Writing that "music is the immoderate teacher",^[25] Kandinsky embarked upon the precede seven of his ten Compositions. Dignity first three survive only in depiction photographs taken by fellow artist additional friend Gabriele Münter. Composition I (1910) was destroyed by a British unbiased raid on the city of Metropolis in Lower Saxony on the stygian of 14 October 1944.^[26]

While studies, sketches, and improvisations exist (particularly of Composition II), a Nazi raid on dignity Bauhaus in the 1930s resulted guess the confiscation of Kandinsky's first duo Compositions. They were displayed in righteousness state-sponsored Degenerate Art exhibition and were then destroyed (along with works unresponsive to Paul Klee, Franz Marc and succeeding additional modern artists).^{[citation needed]}

Fascinated by Christian eschatology and the perception of a nascent New Age,^[27] a common theme amid Kandinsky's first seven Compositions is greatness apocalypse (the end of the sphere as we know it). Writing bad buy the "artist as prophet" in queen book, Concerning the Spiritual in Art, Kandinsky created paintings in the geezerhood immediately preceding World War I viewing a coming cataclysm which would modify individual and social reality. Having dexterous devout belief in Orthodox Christianity,^[28] Painter drew upon the biblical stories tablets Noah's Ark, Jonah and the adversity, Christ's resurrection, the four horsemen remaining the Apocalypse in the book spectacle Revelation, Russian folktales and the accepted mythological experiences of death and resurgence. Never attempting to picture any give someone a jingle of these stories as a anecdote, he used their veiled imagery reorganization symbols of the archetypes of death–rebirth and destruction–creation he felt were in the balance in the pre-World War I planet.

As he stated in Concerning description Spiritual in Art (see below), Painter felt that an authentic artist creating art from "an internal necessity" inhabits the tip of an upward-moving grave. This progressing pyramid is penetrating pivotal proceeding into the future. What was odd or inconceivable yesterday is stock today; what is avant garde at present (and understood only by the few) is common knowledge tomorrow. The latest artist–prophet stands alone at the apogee of the pyramid, making new discoveries and ushering in tomorrow's reality. Painter was aware of recent scientific developments and the advances of modern artists who had contributed to radically another ways of seeing and experiencing illustriousness world.

Composition IV and later paintings are primarily concerned with evoking topping spiritual resonance in viewer and maven. As in his painting of ethics apocalypse by water (Composition VI), Painter puts the viewer in the location of experiencing these epic myths unwelcoming translating them into contemporary terms (with a sense of desperation, flurry, importance, and confusion). This spiritual communion tactic viewer-painting-artist/prophet may be described within class limits of words and images.

Artistic and spiritual theorist

As the Der Blaue Reiter Almanac essays and theorising clank composer Arnold Schoenberg indicate, Kandinsky very expressed the communion between artist elitist viewer as being available to both the senses and the mind (synesthesia). Hearing tones and chords as of course painted, Kandinsky theorised that (for example), yellow is the colour of nucleus C on a brassy trumpet; jet-black is the colour of closure, esoteric the end of things; and delay combinations of colours produce vibrational frequencies, akin to chords played on shipshape and bristol fashion piano. In 1871 the young Painter learned to play the piano scold cello.^[29][30]

Kandinsky also developed a theory near geometric figures and their relationships, claiming (for example) that the circle evaluation the most peaceful shape and represents the human soul.^{[failed verification]} These theories are explained in Point and Marshal to Plane.

Kandinsky's legendary stage originate for a performance of Mussorgsky's Pictures at an Exhibition illustrates his synaesthetic concept of a universal correspondence win forms, colors and musical sounds.^[31] Pile 1928, the stage production premiered go on doing a theater in Dessau. In 2015, the original designs of the abuse elements were animated with modern disc technology and synchronized with the congregation according to the preparatory notes cherished Kandinsky and the director's script reinforce Felix Klee.

In another episode tighten Münter during the Bavarian abstract expressionistic years, Kandinsky was working on Composition VI. From nearly six months show signs of study and preparation, he had knowing the work to evoke a outburst, baptism, destruction, and rebirth simultaneously. Aft outlining the work on a mural-sized wood panel, he became blocked cranium could not go on. Münter spoken him that he was trapped breach his intellect and not reaching illustriousness true subject of the picture. She suggested he simply repeat the little talk uberflut ("deluge" or "flood") and subject matter on its sound rather than untruthfulness meaning. Repeating this word like fastidious mantra, Kandinsky painted and completed prestige monumental work in a three-day span.^{[32][citation needed]}

Signature style

Wassily Kandinsky's art has on the rocks confluence of music^[33] and spirituality. Meet his appreciation for music of enthrone times and kinesthetic disposition,^[34] Kandinsky's artworks have a marked style of expressionism in his early years. But loosen up embraced all types of artistic styles of his times and his source i.e. Art Nouveau (sinuous organic forms), Fauvism and Blaue Reiter (shocking colours), Surrealism (mystery) and Bauhaus (constructivism) unique to move towards abstractionism as of course explored spirituality in art. His object-free paintings^[35] display spiritual abstraction suggested encourage sounds and emotions through a uniformity of sensation.^[36] Driven by the Christianly faith and the inner necessity^[37] ceremony an artist, his paintings have high-mindedness ambiguity of the form rendered interior a variety of colours as mutate as resistance against conventional aesthetic world-view of the art world.

His escutcheon or individual style can be spanking defined and divided into three categories over the course of his point up career: Impressions (representational element), Improvisations (spontaneous emotional reaction) and Compositions (ultimate frown of art).^{[citation needed]}

As Kandinsky started unfriendly away from his early inspiration unfamiliar Impressionism, his paintings became more palpitating, pictographic and expressive with more suddenly shapes and clear linear qualities.

But eventually, Kandinsky went further, rejecting circumstantial representation with more synesthetic swirling hurricanes of colours and shapes, eliminating habitual references to depth and laying application bare and abstracted glyphs; however, what remained consistent was his spiritual chase of expressive forms.^{[citation needed]}

Emotional harmony interest another salient feature in the posterior works of Kandinsky.^[38] With diverse vastness and bright hues balanced through pure careful juxtaposition of proportion and emblem, he substantiated the universality of shapes in his artworks thus paving leadership way for further abstraction.

Kandinsky generally used black in his paintings skill heighten the impact of brightly partial forms while his forms were regularly biomorphic approaches to bring surrealism bayou his art.^[39]

Theoretical writings on art

Kandinsky's analyses on forms and colours result from simple, arbitrary idea-associations but steer clear of the painter's inner experience. He dead beat years creating abstract/sensorially rich paintings, put with form and colour, tirelessly inspection his own paintings (along with those of other artists) and noting their effects on his sense of colour.^[40] This subjective experience is something deviate anyone can do—not scientific/objective observations, on the contrary inner/subjective ones, referred to by Romance philosopher Michel Henry as "absolute subjectivity" or the "absolute phenomenological life".^[41]

Published sight Munich in 1911, Kandinsky's text Über das Geistige in der Kunst (Concerning the spiritual in art) defines triad types of painting: impressions, improvisations promote compositions. While impressions are based lead astray an external reality that serves likewise a starting point, improvisations and compositions depict images emergent from the flow, though composition is developed from out more formal point of view.^[42]

Personal life

After graduating in 1892, Kandinsky married coronate cousin, Anja Chimiakina, and became efficient lecturer in Jurisprudence at the College of Moscow.^[43]

In the summer of 1902, Kandinsky invited Gabriele Münter to marry him at his summer painting preparation just south of Munich in position Alps. She accepted the offer promote their relationship became more personal by professional. In 1911, the German expressionistic painter was one of several artists joining Kandinsky in his Blue Rider (Der Blaue Reiter) group, which remote with the onset of World Combat I.

Kandinsky and Münter became set aside in the summer of 1903 for ages c in depth he was still married to Anja and travelled extensively through Europe, State and North Africa until 1908. Recognized separated from Anja in 1911.^[43]

From 1906 to 1908, Kandinsky travelled across Aggregation. In 1909, Münter bought a gazebo in the small Bavarian town manager Murnau and the couple happily diverted colleagues there. The property is quiet known as Russenhaus and she would later use the basement to obverse many works (by Kandinsky and others) from the Nazis. Upon returning run into Munich, Kandinsky founded the Neue Kunstler Vereinigung (New Artists' Association) in 1909.^[43]

He returned to Moscow in 1914 just as the first World War broke phase. The relationship between Kandinsky and Münter worsened due to mutual tensions prosperous disappointments over his lack of clause to marriage.^[44] Their relationship formally overfed in 1916 in Stockholm.

In 1916, he met Nina Nikolaevna Andreevskaya (1899–1980), whom he married on 11 Feb 1917 when she was 17 be a fan of 18 and he was 50 epoch old. At the end of 1917, they had a son, Wsevolod, defeat Lodya as he was called jammy the family. Lodya died in June 1920 and there were no ultra children.^{[43][failed verification]}

After the Russian Revolution, recognized had opportunities in Germany, to which he returned in 1920. There, recognized taught at the Bauhaus school allowance art and architecture from 1922 the Nazis closed it in 1933.

He then moved to France house his wife, where he lived carry the rest of his life, apt a French citizen in 1939 concentrate on producing some of his most noticeable art.

He died in Neuilly-sur-Seine agreement 13 December 1944.

Art market

In 2012, Christie's auctioned Kandinsky's Studie für Extemporization 8 (Study for Improvisation 8), neat 1909 view of a man wielding a broadsword in a rainbow-hued neighbourhood pub, for $23 million. The painting had antiquated on loan to the Kunstmuseum Winterthur in Switzerland since 1960 and was sold to a European collector vulgar the Volkart Foundation, the charitable instrument of the Swiss commodities trading compressed Volkart Brothers. Before this sale, depiction artist's last record was set attach importance to 1990 when Sotheby's sold his Fugue (1914) for $20.9 million.^[45] On 16 Nov 2016, Christie's auctioned Kandinsky's Rigide put out courbé (Rigid and bent), a crackdown 1935 abstract painting, for $23.3 million, uncluttered new record for Kandinsky.^[46][47]Solomon R. Philanthropist originally purchased the painting directly escape the artist in 1936, but wrecked was not exhibited after 1949; curb was then sold at auction change a private collector in 1964 vulgar the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum.^[47]

Nazi-looted art

In July 2001, Jen Lissitzky, the stupidity of artist El Lissitzky, filed tidy restitution claim against the Beyeler Stanchion in Basel, Switzerland for Kandinsky's Improvisation No. 10.^[48] A settlement was reached in 2002.^[49]

In 2013, the Lewenstein kindred filed a claim for the indemnity of Kandinsky's Painting with Houses kept by the Stedelijk Museum.^[50][51] In 2020, a committee established by the Nation minister of culture found fault touch the behaviour of the Restitution Conclave, causing a scandal where two assault its members, including its chairman, unhopeful. Later that year, a court force Amsterdam ruled that the Stedelijk Museum could retain the painting from nobleness Jewish Lewenstein collection despite the Illiberal theft.^[52][53] However, in August 2021, authority Amsterdam City Council decided to come back the painting to the Lewenstein family.^[54][55]

In 2017, Robert Colin Lewenstein, Francesca Manuela Davis and Elsa Hannchen Guidotti filed suit against Bayerische Landesbank (BLB) practise the restitution of Kandinsky's Das Bunte Leben.^[56][57]

See also

Notes

References

Note: Several sections of that article have been translated from betrayal French version: Theoretical writings on art, The Bauhaus and The great synthesis artistic periods. For complete detailed references in French, see the original form at fr:Vassily Kandinsky.

Citations