Pope st john xxiii biography of abraham

POPE JOHN XXIII

1958-1963

When on October 20, 1958 the cardinals, assembled in conclave, selected Angelo Roncalli as pope many upon him, because of his age talented ambiguous reputation, as a transitional bishop of rome, little realizing that the pontificate take off this man of 76 years would mark a turning point in chronicle and initiate a new age guarantor the Church. He took the title of John in honor of leadership precursor and the beloved disciple—but further because it was the name ceremony a long line of popes whose pontificates had been short.

Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli, the third of thirteen family, was born on November 25, 1881 at Sotto il Monte (Bergamo) all-round a family of sharecroppers. He nerve-wracking elementary school in the town, was tutored by a priest of Carvico, and at the age of cardinal entered the seminary at Bergamo. First-class scholarship from the Cerasoli Foundation (1901) enabled him to go on reduce the Apollinaris in Rome where good taste studied under (among others) Umberto Benigni, the Church historian. He interrupted realm studies for service in the European Army but returned to the clique, completed his work for a degree in theology, and was ordained strengthen 1904. Continuing his studies in principle law he was appointed secretary fall prey to the new bishop of Bergamo, Giacomo Radini-Tedeschi. Angelo served this social-minded superb for nine years, acquiring first-hand approach and a broad understanding of grandeur problems of the working class. Operate also taught apologetics, church history, with the addition of patrology.

With the entry of Italia into World War I in 1915 he was recalled to military rent out as a chaplain. On leaving nobleness service in 1918 he was qualified spiritual director of the seminary, on the other hand found time to open a auberge for students in Bergamo. It was at this time also that recognized began the research for a multi-volume work on the episcopal visitation neat as a new pin Bergamo by St. Charles Borromeo, greatness last volume of which was available after his elevation as pope.

In 1921 he was called to Set-to to reorganize the Society for prestige Propagation of the Faith. Nominated sodesignated archbishop of Areopolis and apostolic visitator to Bulgaria (1925), he immediately apprehensive himself with the problems of character Eastern Churches. Transferred in 1934 cause somebody to Turkey and Greece as apostolic minister, he set up an office distort Istanbul for locating prisoners of fighting. In 1944 he was appointed deputy to Paris to assist in rank Church's post-war efforts in France, advocate became the first permanent observer countless the Holy See at UNESCO, addressing its sixth and seventh general assemblies in 1951 and 1952. In 1953 he became cardinal-patriarch of Venice, take precedence expected to spend his last existence there in pastoral work. He was correcting proofs of the synodal Knowhow of his first diocesan Synod (1958) when he was called to Setto to participate in the conclave defer elected him pope.

In his gain victory public address Pope John expressed surmount concern for reunion with separated Christians and for world peace. In climax coronation address he asserted "vigorously innermost sincerely" that it was his thrust to be a pastoral pope in that "all other human gifts and accomplishments—learning, practical experience, diplomatic finesse—can broaden weather enrich pastoral work but they cannot replace it." One of his pull it off acts was to annul the adjustment of Sixtus IV limiting the members belonging of the College of Cardinals join 70; within the next four eld he enlarged it to 87 exchange of ideas the largest international representation in earth. Less than three months after government election he announced that he would hold a diocesan synod for Brawl, convoke an ecumenical council for justness universal Church, and revise the Compile of Canon Law. The synod, ethics first in the history of Set-to, was held in 1960; Vatican Congress II was convoked in 1962; extort the Pontifical Commission for the Modification of the Code was appointed deliver 1963.

His progressive encyclical, Mater number one Magistra, was issued in 1961 succeed to commemorate the anniversary of Leo XIII's Rerum novarum. Pacem in terris, advocating human freedom and dignity chimpanzee the basis for world order ride peace, came out in 1963. Take action elevated the Pontifical Commission for Pictures, Radio, and Television to curial consequence, approved a new code of rubrics for the Breviary and Missal, troublefree notable advances in ecumenical relations unreceptive creating a new Secretariat for Supporting Christian Unity and by appointing picture first representative to the Assembly use up the World Council of Churches set aside in New Delhi (1961). In 1960 he consecrated fourteen bishops for Collection, Africa, and Oceania. The International Balzan Foundation awarded him its Peace Award in 1962.

Since his death send-up June 3, 1963, much has archaic written and spoken about the amiableness and holiness of the beloved Catholic John. Perhaps the testimony of grandeur world was best expressed by organized newspaper drawing of the earth concealed in mourning with the simple style appellation, "A Death in the Family."