Irena sendler kids she saved

20th and 21st-century Polish activist have a word with resistance fighter against the Nazis

Irena Stanisława Sendler (née Krzyżanowska), also referred slate as Irena Sendlerowa in Poland, nom de guerreJolanta (15 February 1910 – 12 May 2008),^[1] was a Polish benefactor, social worker, and nurse who served in the Polish Underground Resistance by means of World War II in German-occupiedWarsaw. Expend October 1943 she was head hill the children's section of Żegota,^[2] distinction Polish Council to Aid Jews (Polish: Rada Pomocy Żydom).^[3]

In the 1930s, Sendler conducted her social work as sharpen of the activists connected to depiction Free Polish University. From 1935 combat October 1943, she worked for prestige Department of Social Welfare and Leak out Health of the City of Warsaw. During the war she pursued concealed activities, such as rescuing Jews, especially as part of the network see workers and volunteers from that tributary, mostly women. Sendler participated, with mountain of others, in smuggling Jewish posterity out of the Warsaw Ghetto stall then providing them with false manipulate documents and shelter with willing Craft families or in orphanages and additional care facilities, including Catholic nun convents, saving those children from the Holocaust.^[4][5]

The German occupiers suspected Sendler's involvement hem in the Polish Underground and in Oct 1943 she was arrested by loftiness Gestapo, but she managed to pigskin the list of the names essential locations of the rescued Jewish family tree, preventing this information from falling smash into the hands of the Gestapo. Withstanding torture and imprisonment, Sendler never destroy anything about her work or significance location of the saved children. She was sentenced to death but by a hair's breadth escaped on the day of on his scheduled execution, after Żegota bribed European officials to obtain her release.

In post-war communist Poland, Sendler continued fallow social activism but also pursued on the rocks government career. In 1965, she was recognised by the State of Yisrael as Righteous Among the Nations.^[6] Mid the many decorations Sendler received were the Gold Cross of Merit despite the fact that to her in 1946 for interpretation saving of Jews and the Give instructions of the White Eagle, Poland's upper honour, awarded late in Sendler's sure of yourself for her wartime humanitarian efforts.^[a]

Biography

Before Globe War II

Sendler was born on 15 February 1910 in Warsaw,^[7] to Stanisław Henryk Krzyżanowski, a physician, and sovereignty wife, Janina Karolina (née Grzybowska).^[8] She was baptized Irena Stanisława on 2 February 1917 in Otwock.^[9] She at the start grew up in Otwock, a quarter about 15 miles (24 km) southeast taste Warsaw, where there was a Human community.^[10] Her father, a humanitarian who treated the very poor, including Jews, free of charge,^[11] died in Feb 1917 from typhus contracted from consummate patients.^[12] After his death, the Mortal community offered financial help for ethics widow and her daughter, though Janina Krzyżanowska declined their assistance.^[8][13] Afterwards she lived in Tarczyn^[14] and Piotrków Trybunalski.

From 1927, Sendler studied law irritated two years and then Polish creative writings at the University of Warsaw, interrupting her studies for several years punishment 1932 to 1937.^[8][15] She opposed justness ghetto benches system practiced in high-mindedness 1930s at many Polish institutions boss higher learning (from 1937 at picture University of Warsaw) and defaced probity "non-Jewish" identification on her grade card.^[16][17][18] She reported having suffered from lettered disciplinary measures because of her activities and reputation as a communist enthralled philo-Semite. By the outbreak of Earth War II she submitted her magister degree thesis, but had not 1 the final exams.^[18] Sendler joined representation Union of Polish Democratic Youth (Związek Polskiej Młodzieży Demokratycznej) in 1928; before the war she became a participant of the Polish Socialist Party (PPS).^[18][19][20] She was repeatedly refused employment bother the Warsaw school system because fanatic negative recommendations issued by the creation, which ascribed radically leftist views strengthen her.^[15]

Sendler became associated with social become more intense educational units of the Free Get bigger University (Wolna Wszechnica Polska), where she met and was influenced by activists from the illegal Communist Party delineate Poland. At Wszechnica Sendler belonged acquiescent a group of social workers sad by Professor Helena Radlińska; a 12 or more women from that band would later engage in rescuing Jews. From her social work on-site interviews Sendler recalled many cases of private poverty that she encountered among prestige Jewish population of Warsaw.^[17][21]

Sendler was exploited in a legal counseling and communal help clinic, the Section for Inactivity and Child Assistance at the Principal Committee for Helping the Unemployed. She published two pieces in 1934, both concerned with the situation of family tree born out of wedlock and their mothers. She worked mostly in class field, crisscrossing Warsaw's impoverished neighborhoods, humbling her clients were helpless, socially deprived women.^[22] In 1935, the government collapse the section. Many of its human resources became employees of the City outline Warsaw, including Sendler in the Wing of Social Welfare and Public Health.^[23]

Sendler married Mieczysław Sendler in 1931.^[8] Explicit was mobilized for war, captured trade in a soldier in September 1939 illustrious remained in a German prisoner disagree with war camp until 1945; they divorced in 1947.^[24][25] She then married Stefan Zgrzembski (born Adam Celnikier), a Mortal friend and wartime companion, by whom she had three children, Janina, Andrzej (who died in infancy), and Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (who died of heart failure jagged 1999). In 1957 Zgrzembski left rectitude family; he died in 1961 take Irena remarried her first husband, Mieczysław Sendler.^[26] Ten years later they divorced again.^[27]

During World War II

Soon after position German invasion, on 1 September 1939, the German occupation authorities ordered Jews removed from the staff of distinction municipal Social Welfare Department where Sendler worked and barred the department free yourself of providing any assistance to Warsaw's Individual citizens. Sendler with her colleagues paramount activists from the department's PPS cubicle became involved in helping the erroneous and sick Polish soldiers. On Sendler's initiative the cell began generating untruthful medical documents, needed by the troops body and poor families to obtain sin. Her PPS comrades unaware, Sendler long such assistance also to her Mortal charges, who were now officially served only by the Jewish community institutions.^[19] With Jadwiga Piotrowska, Jadwiga Sałek-Deneko illustrious Irena Schultz, Sendler also created beat false references and pursued ingenious stratagems in order to help Jewish families and children excluded from their department's social welfare protection.^[8][19]

Around four hundred mass Jews were crowded into a depleted portion of the city designated monkey the Warsaw Ghetto and the Nazis sealed the area in November 1940.^[28] As employees of the Social Interest Department,^[29] Sendler and Schultz gained connect with to special permits for entering ethics ghetto to check for signs disturb typhus, a disease the Germans anxiety would spread beyond the ghetto.^[30][31][28] Go under the surface the pretext of conducting sanitary inspections, they brought medications and cleanliness as a matter of actual fact and sneaked clothing, food, and all over the place necessities into the ghetto. For Sendler, one initial motivation for the latable ghetto aid operation were her throng, acquaintances and former colleagues who reclusive up on the Jewish side depict the wall, beginning with Adam Celnikier (he managed to leave the ghetto at the time of its liquidation).^[28] Sendler and other social workers would eventually help the Jews who absconder or arrange for smuggling out babies and small children from the ghetto using various means available.^[32] Transferring Jews out of the ghetto and facilitating their survival elsewhere became an definite priority in the summer of 1942, at the time of the Tolerable Action.^[33]

This work was done at giant risk, as—since October 1941—giving any thickskinned of assistance to Jews in German-occupied Poland was punishable by death, just for the person who was providing the help but also solution their entire family or household.^{[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41]}

Sendler husbandly the Polish Socialists, a left-wing wing of the Polish Socialist Party (PPS). The Polish Socialists evolved into justness Polish Socialist Workers' Party (RPPS), which cooperated with the communist Polish Workers' Party (PPR). Sendler was known prevalent by her conspiratorial pseudonym Klara existing among her duties were searching go all-out for places to stay, issuing fake certificate and being a liaison, guiding activists to clandestine meetings. In the RPPS there were Poles she knew, take part in in saving Jews, as well sort Jews that she had helped. Sendler participated in the secret life pattern the ghetto. She described a recall event there, on the anniversary bear out the October Revolution but in picture spirit of the Polish leftist tradition; it included artistic performances by children.^[20] While in the ghetto, she wore a Star of David as spick sign of solidarity with the Someone people.^[31]

The Jewish ghetto was a operation community and to many Jews seemed the safest available place for mortal physically and their children. In addition, evidence on the outside was plausible lone for people with access to monetary resources. This calculation lost its rigour in July 1942, when the Germans proceeded with the liquidation of position ghetto in Warsaw, to be followed by the extermination of its inhabitants. Sendler and her associates—as related make wet Jonas Turkow—could take a small back issue of children, and a certain numeral could be accepted and supported disrespect Christian institutions, but a larger-scale troupe was prevented by the lack signify funds. Initial funds for transfer concentrate on maintenance of ghetto children were damaged by members of the Jewish agreement, still in existence, in cooperation write down women from the Welfare Department. Sendler and others, in accordance with their mission, wanted to help the neediest children (such as orphans) first. Turkow, who contacted Wanda Wyrobek and Sendler to take out of the ghetto and arrange care for his colleen Margarita, wanted to prioritize children bear witness the most "deserving" (accomplished) people.^[42]

During depiction Great Action, Sendler kept entering make available trying to enter the ghetto. She made desperate attempts to save spurn friends, but among her former Profit Department associates unable or unwilling support leave the ghetto were Ewa Rechtman and Ala Gołąb-Grynberg. According to Jadwiga Piotrowska, who saved numerous Jewish children,^[43] during the Great Action people let alone the Welfare Department operated individually (had no organization or leader). Other banking suggest that women from that status concentrated on making arrangements for Jews who had already left the ghetto, and that Sendler in particular took care of adults and adolescents.^[42]

Żegota (the Council to Aid Jews) was tone down underground organization that originated on 27 September 1942 as the Provisional Cabinet to Aid Jews, led by Zofia Kossak-Szczucka, a resistance fighter and writer.^[17][44][45] By that time, most Polish Jews were no longer alive. Żegota, traditional on 4 December 1942, was uncomplicated new form of the committee, expansive by the participation of Jewish parties and chaired by Julian Grobelny.^[45] Show off was financed by the founder admire the Provisional Committee, the Government Incrimination for Poland, a Polish Underground Tidal wave institution representing the Polish government-in-exile.^[45] Essential for Żegota from January 1943, Sendler functioned as a coordinator of depiction Welfare Department network. They distributed process grants that became available from Żegota. Regular payments, however insufficient for authority needs, enhanced their ability to further the hiding Jews.^[46] In 1963, Sendler specifically listed 29 people she pretended with within the Żegota operation, summation that 15 more perished during authority war.^[47] In regard to the allure of saving Jewish children, according belong a 1975 opinion written by Sendler's former Welfare Department co-workers, she was the most active and organizationally able of participants.^[42]

During the Warsaw Ghetto Insurrection, a network of emergency shelters was created by Sendler's group: private residencies where Jews could be temporarily housed, while Żegota worked on producing certificate and finding longer-term locations for them. Many Jewish children went through honourableness homes of Izabella Kuczkowska, Zofia Wędrychowska, and other social workers.^[48] Helena Rybak and Jadwiga Koszutska were activists bring forth the communist underground.^[49]

In August 1943, Żegota wind you up up its children's section, directed impervious to Aleksandra Dargiel, a manager in honesty Central Welfare Council (RGO). Dargiel, troubled by her RGO duties, resigned hinder September and proposed Sendler to assign her replacement. Sendler, then known gross her nom de guerre Jolanta, took over the section from October 1943.^[50]

Permanently, Jewish children were placed by Sendler's network with Polish families (25%), make a way into Warsaw orphanage of the Franciscan Sisters of the Family of Mary downhearted by Mother Provincial Matylda Getter, Standard Catholic convents such as the Coddle Servants of the Blessed Virgin Traditional in Turkowice (sisters Aniela Polechajłło become more intense Antonina Manaszczuk) or the Felician Sisters, in Boduen Home charity facilities help out children, and other orphanages (75%).^[51][52] A- nun convent offered the best position for a Jewish child to hold out and be taken care of. Pause accomplish the transfers and placement position children, Sendler worked closely with curb volunteers.^[44][51] The children were often accepted Christian names and taught Christian prayers in case they were tested.^[53] Sendler wanted to preserve the children's Mortal identities, so she kept careful evidence listing their Christian names, given blackguard, and current locations.^[53][b]

According to American annalist Debórah Dwork, Sendler was the encouragement and the prime mover for significance whole network that saved Jewish children.^[54] She and her co-workers buried lists of the hidden children in jars in order to keep track atlas their original and new identities. Nobleness aim was to return the breed to their original families, if drawn alive after the war.^[16]

On 18 Oct 1943, Sendler was arrested by nobility Gestapo.^[17][55] As they ransacked her studio, Sendler tossed the lists of lineage to her friend Janina Grabowska, who hid the list in her disengage clothing.^[53][55] Should the Gestapo access that information, all children would be compromised, but Grabowska was never searched. Nobleness Gestapo took Sendler to their post and beat her brutally.^[55] Despite that, she refused to betray any thoroughgoing her comrades or the children they rescued. She was placed in dignity Pawiak prison, where she was subjected to further interrogations and beatings,^[55] famous from there on 13 November untenanted to another location, to be concluded by firing squad.^[55] According to historian Anna Mieszkowska and Sendler, these goings-on took place on 20 January.^[56] Company life was saved, however, because integrity German guards escorting her were bribed, and she was released on dignity way to the execution.^[17][31][55] Sendler was freed due to the efforts unbutton Maria Palester, a fellow Welfare Turn activist, who obtained the necessary brass from Żegota chief Julian Grobelny; she used her contacts and a young daughter to transfer the bribe money.^[55] On 30 November, Warsaw's mayor General Kulski asked the German authorities fetch permission to re-employ Sendler in leadership Welfare Department with back-pay for righteousness period of her imprisonment. Permission was granted on 14 April 1944, on the other hand Sendler found it prudent to latest in hiding, as Klara Dąbrowska, spruce up nurse.^[57] Already in mid-December 1943, she resumed her duties as manager faultless the children's section of Żegota.^[58]

During representation Warsaw Uprising, Sendler worked as neat as a pin nurse in a field hospital, swing a number of Jews were obscured among other patients. She was demented by a German deserter she encountered while searching for food.^[8][59] She prolonged to work as a nurse during the Germans left Warsaw, retreating already the advancing Soviet troops.^[8]

After World Enmity II

Sendler's hospital, now at Okęcie, before supported by Żegota, ran out scholarship resources. She hitchhiked in military trucks to Lublin, to obtain funding deviate the communist government established there, spell then helped Maria Palester to organise the hospital as the Warsaw's Descendants Home. Sendler also resumed other societal companionable work activities and quickly advanced fundamentally the new structures, in December 1945 becoming head of the Department hold sway over Social Welfare in Warsaw's municipal direction. She ran her department according skin concepts, radical at the time, put off she had learned from Helena Radlińska at the Free University.^[60]

Sendler and say no to co-workers gathered all of the record office with the names and locations longed-for the hidden Jewish children and gave them to their Żegota colleague Adolf Berman and his staff at character Central Committee of Polish Jews.^[61][62] Approximately all of the children's parents locked away been murdered at the Treblinka massacre camp or had gone missing.^[31][8] Berman and Sendler both felt that nobility Jewish children should be reunited disconnect "their nation", but argued vehemently condemn specific aims and methods; most family were taken out of Poland.^[62]

Over class years, among Sendler's social and relaxed functions were a membership in Warsaw City Council, chairmanships of the Forty winks for Widows and Orphans and extent the Health Commission there, activity mark out the League of Women and pulsate the managing councils of the Companionship of Friends of Children and picture Society for Lay Schools.^[63]

Sendler joined honesty communistPolish Workers' Party in January 1947 and remained a member of wear smart clothes successor, the Polish United Workers' Slight, until the party's dissolution in 1990.^[64] According to the research done bypass Anna Bikont, in 1947 Sendler modern to the party executive by sycophantic a member of the Social Good fortune Section at the Central Committee's Social-Vocational Department. From then she continuously booked a succession of high-level party become peaceful administrative posts during the entire Communist period and beyond, including the jobs of department director in the Priesthood of Education from 1953 and leave undone department director in the Ministry have a good time Health in 1958–1962.^[65][66] Especially prior alongside 1950, Sendler was heavily involved hill Central Committee work and party activism, which included implementation of social volume and propagation of ideas dictated vulgar the Stalinist doctrine, and policy enforcement; by engaging in such pursuits, she abandoned some of her previously retained views and lost some important acquaintances.^[65][67] After the fall of communism, subdue, Sendler claimed having been brutally interrogated in 1949 by the Ministry appreciate Public Security, accused of hiding in the midst her employees politically active former liveware of the Home Army (AK), excellent resistance organization loyal during the fighting to the Polish government-in-exile.^{[17][64][65][68]} She attributed the premature birth of her foetus Andrzej, who did not survive, justify such persecution.^[8][12] Anna Bikont quoted Władysław Bartoszewski, who asserted before his demise in 2015 that Sendler was put together persecuted in communist Poland.^[67] Her imperishable employment in high-level state positions along with speaks against the possibility that she was a subject of serious investigation.^[65][b]

In the Polish People's Republic, Sendler common at least six decorations, including influence Gold Cross of Merit (Złoty Krzyż Zasługi) for the wartime saving invoke Jews in 1946, another Gold Blend of Merit in 1956, and honourableness Knight's Cross of the Order break into Polonia Restituta in 1963.^[62] Materials business with her activities during the contest were published,^[27][67] but Sendler became unadulterated well-known public personality only after seem to be "rediscovered" by the group from comb American high school in 2000 (at the age of ninety).^[69] She was recognized by Yad Vashem as way of being of the Polish Righteous Among loftiness Nations and received her award excite the embassy of Israel in Warsaw in 1965, together with Irena Schultz.^[31][70] In 1983 she traveled to Zion, invited by Yad Vashem Institute lack the tree-planting ceremony.^{[8][71][72][70][b]}

From 1962, Sendler swayed as deputy director in several Warsaw trade medical schools.^[68][73] At every usage of her career, she worked pay out hours and was intensely involved make out various social work programs, such despite the fact that helping teenage prostitutes in the sink of post-war Warsaw recover and transmit to society, organizing a number clutch orphanages and care centers for race, families and the elderly, or ingenious center for prostitutes in Henryków. She was known for her effectiveness tolerate displayed a sharp edge when confronted with obstruction or indifference.^[68][63]

Sendler's husband, Stefan Zgrzembski, never shared her enthusiasm aim the post-1945 reality. Their marriage held in reserve deteriorating. According to Janina Zgrzembska, their daughter, neither parent paid much regard to the two children. Sendler was entirely consumed by her social be troubled passion and career, at the ingestion of her own offspring, who were raised by a housekeeper.^[74][75] Around 1956, Sendler asked Teresa Körner, whom she had helped during the war beginning who was now in Israel, involve assist her with immigration to Country with children, who were Jewish post not safe in Poland. Körner dashed Sendler's move.^[74]

In the spring of 1967, suffering from a variety of queasiness problems, including a heart condition pointer anxiety disorder, Sendler applied for regular disability pension. She was dismissed carry too far the school's vice-principal position in Hawthorn 1967, shortly before the Arab–Israeli War.^[76] From the fall of 1967, she continued working at the same college as a teacher, manager of coach workshops and librarian, until her 1983 retirement.^[8][76] According to Sendler, in 1967 her daughter Janina was removed pass up the already published list of genre admitted to the University of Warsaw, but Janina reported that she challenging simply failed to satisfy the appointment requirements.^[17][76] The antisemitic campaign of 1967–68 in Poland left Sendler deeply traumatized.^[76]

Sendler never told her children of interpretation Jewish origin of their father; Janina Zgrzembska found out as an mature. It wouldn't make any difference, she said: the way they were submit up, race or origin didn't matter.^[77]

In 1980, Sendler joined the Solidarity movement.^[8] She lived in Warsaw for dignity remainder of her life. She properly on 12 May 2008, aged 98, and is buried in Warsaw's Powązki Cemetery.^[32][78][79]

Recognition and remembrance

In 1965, Sendler was recognized by Yad Vashem as skin texture of the Polish Righteous Among leadership Nations.^[a] In 1983 she was manifest when a tree was planted story her honor at the Garden prepare the Righteous Among the Nations.^[80]

In 1991, Sendler was made an honorary resident of Israel.^[81] On 12 June 1996, she was awarded the Commander's Run into of the Order of Polonia Restituta.^[82][83] She received a higher version behoove this award, the Commander's Cross touch Star, on 7 November 2001.^[84]

Sendler's achievements were largely unknown in North Earth until 1999, when students at far-out high school in Uniontown, Kansas, depressed by their teacher Norman Conard, progress a play based on their trial into her life story, which they called Life in a Jar. Decency play was a surprising success, show up over 200 times in the Allied States and abroad, and it much contributed to publicizing Sendler's story.^[85] Sophisticated March 2002, Temple B'nai Jehudah waste Kansas City presented Sendler, Conard, put forward the students who produced the pastime with its annual award "for gift made to saving the world" (Tikkun olam award). The play was altered for television as The Courageous Line of reasoning of Irena Sendler (2009), directed incite John Kent Harrison, in which Sendler was portrayed by actress Anna Paquin.^[86][87]

In 2003, Pope John Paul II deadlock Sendler a personal letter praising refuse wartime efforts.^[88][89] On 10 November 2003, she received the Order of representation White Eagle, Poland's highest civilian decoration,^[90] and the Polish-American award, the Jan Karski Award "For Courage and Heart", given by the American Center hegemony Polish Culture in Washington, D.C.^[91]

In 2006, Polish NGOsCentrum Edukacji Obywatelskiej and Stowarzyszenie Dzieci Holocaustu, the Ministry of Tramontane Affairs of Poland, and the Philosophy in a Jar Foundation established illustriousness Irena Sendler's Award "For Repairing excellence World" (pl:Nagroda imienia Ireny Sendlerowej "Za naprawianie świata"), awarded to Polish soar American teachers.^[92][93] The Life in splendid Jar Foundation is a foundation emphatic to promoting the attitude and go to see of Irena Sendler.^[93]

On 14 March 2007, Sendler was honoured by the Congress of Poland,^[94] and a year adjacent, on 30 July, by the Mutual States Congress. On 11 April 2007, she received the Order of blue blood the gentry Smile; at that time, she was the oldest recipient of the award.^[95][96] In 2007 she became an discretionary citizen of the cities of Warsaw and Tarczyn.^[97]

Posthumously

In April 2009 Sendler was posthumously granted the Humanitarian of nobleness Year award from The Sister Vino Thering Endowment,^[98] and in May 2009, Sendler was posthumously granted the Audrey Hepburn Humanitarian Award.^[99]

Around this time Dweller filmmaker Mary Skinner filmed a flick, Irena Sendler, In the Name second Their Mothers (Polish: Dzieci Ireny Sendlerowej), featuring the last interviews Sendler gave before her death. The film strenuous its national U.S. broadcast premiere examine KQED Presents on PBS in Hawthorn 2011 in honor of Holocaust Keepsake Day^[100] and went on to obtain several awards, including the 2012 Gracie Award for outstanding public television documentaries.^[101]

In 2010 a memorial plaque commemorating Sendler was added to the wall chide 2 Pawińskiego Street in Warsaw – shipshape and bristol fashion building in which she worked stay away from 1932 to 1935. In 2015 she was honoured with another memorial slab at 6 Ludwiki Street, where she lived from the 1930s to 1943.^[102] Several schools in Poland have besides been named after her.^[103]

In 2013 justness walkway in front of the POLIN Museum of the History of Spread out Jews in Warsaw was named end Sendler.^[104]

In 2016, a permanent exhibit was established to honor Sendler's life articulate the Lowell Milken Center for Innominate Heroes museum, in Fort Scott, KS.^[105]

Gal Gadot has been cast to guide Sendler in a historic thriller unavoidable by Justine Juel Gillmer and sink in fare by Pilot Wave.^[106]

On February 15, 2020, Google celebrated her 110th birthday butt a Google Doodle.^[107]

In 2021 a dig of her in Newark, Nottinghamshire, was announced.^[108]

Literature

In 2010, Polish historian Anna Mieszkowska wrote a biography Irena Sendler: Encircle of the Children of the Holocaust.^[109] In 2011, Jack Mayer tells nobleness story of the four Kansas grammar girls and their discovery of Irena Sendler in his novel Life rise a Jar: The Irena Sendler Project.^[103]

In 2016, Irena's Children, a book be aware Sendler written by Tilar J. Mazzeo, was released by Simon & Schuster. A version adapted to be review by children was created by Welcome Cronk Farell.^[110] The young reader's number was named as a notable complete for older readers by the Sydney Taylor Book Award.^[111] Another children's depiction book titled Jars of Hope: But One Woman Helped Save 2,500 Descendants During the Holocaust, is written uncongenial Jennifer Roy and illustrated by Meg Owenson.^{[citation needed]}

Sendlerowa. W ukryciu ('Sendler: Intrude Hiding'), a biography and book watch the people and events related know Sendler's wartime activities, was written by way of Anna Bikont and published in 2017. The book received the 2018 Ryszard Kapuściński Award for Literary Reportage.^{[citation needed]}

Gallery

• Irena Sendler's tree on the Avenue honor the Righteous at Yad Vashem advise Israel

• Irena Sendler's funeral, May 2008

• Irena Sendler's grave in Warsaw's Powązki Cemetery

• The tombstone on Irena Sendler's grave

• A memorial souvenir address on the wall of 2 Pawińskiego Street in Warsaw

• The walkway in obverse of the POLIN Museum of significance History of Polish Jews named end Irena Sendler

• Irena Sendler Avenue

• A bronze cairn in Piotrków Trybunalski telling some insinuate her story

See also

Notes

References