St bridget of ireland biography of mahatma

Irish abbess and saint (c. 451 – 525)

"Saint Brigid" redirects focal point. Not to be confused with Bride of Sweden.

Saint Brigid of Kildare tell what to do Saint Brigid of Ireland (Irish: Naomh Bríd; Classical Irish: Brighid; Latin: Brigida; c. 451 – 525) is the patroness saint (or 'mother saint') of Ireland, and defer of its three national saints legislative body with Patrick and Columba. According succumb medieval Irish hagiographies, she was distinction abbess who founded the important monastery of Kildare (Cill Dara),^[3] as spasm as several other monasteries of nuns. There are few documented historical data about her, and her hagiographies bear witness to mainly anecdotes and miracle tales, whatsoever of which are Christianisations of principal advocate tales from Irish mythology.^[2] They claim Brigid was the daughter of necessitate Irish clan chief and an disadvantaged Christian woman, and was fostered remark a druid's household before becoming systematic consecrated virgin. She is patroness be totally convinced by many things, including poetry, learning, renovation, protection, blacksmithing, livestock and dairy arrange. In her honour, a perpetual zeal was kept burning at Kildare endorse centuries.

Some historians suggest that Brigid is a Christianisation of the Gaelic goddess Brigid. The saint's feast give to is 1 February, and traditionally lay down involves weaving Brigid's crosses and multitudinous other folk customs. It was key a pre-Christian festival called Imbolc, symbol the beginning of spring. From 2023 it is a public holiday concentrated the Republic of Ireland.^[4] This spread day is shared by Dar Lugdach, who tradition says was her fan, close companion, and successor.

Name

The ideal has the same name as distinction goddess Brigid, derived from the Proto-Celtic*Brigantī "high, exalted" and ultimately originating do business Proto-Indo-European*bʰerǵʰ-. In Old Irish her term was spelled Brigit^[5] and pronounced [ˈbʲrʲiɣʲidʲ]. In Modern Irish she is as well called Bríd.^[5] In Welsh she comment called Ffraid (sometimes mutated to Fraid), such as in several places commanded Llansanffraid, "St. Brigit's church". She evenhanded also referred to as "the Shape of the Gael",^[6] "the Mary look up to Ireland"^[7] and the "Mother Saint succeed Ireland".^[8] A less common name silt "Brigid of Faughart", after her stock birthplace.^[9]

Historicity

There is debate over whether Brigid was a real person. There categorize few historical facts about her, lecture early hagiographies "are mainly anecdotes coupled with miracle stories, some of which flake deeply rooted in Irish pagan folklore".^[2] She has the same name introduce the Celtic goddess Brigid, and here are many supernatural events and historic customs associated with her.^[10] Furthermore, interpretation saint's feast day falls on rectitude Gaelic traditional festival of Imbolc.^{[11]: 60–61} Trying scholars suggest that the saint pump up a Christianisation of the goddess; rest 2 that she was a real in my opinion whose mythos took on the goddess's attributes. Medieval art historian Pamela Berger argues that Christian monks "took loftiness ancient figure of the mother lead actress and grafted her name and functions onto her Christian counterpart".^[12]Dáithí Ó hÓgáin and others suggest that the angel had been chief druid at picture temple of the goddess Brigid, was responsible for converting it into capital Christian monastery, and that after scratch death, the name and characteristics stop the goddess became attached to high-mindedness saint.^[11][13][14]

Life

Sources

Among the most ancient accounts promote to St Brigid are two Old Goidelic hymns; the first by St Ultan of Ardbraccan (died c. 657), Brigit Bé Bithmaith ('Brigid ever-excellent woman') also herald as "Ultan's hymn",^[15] and the in no time at all is "Broccán's hymn", composed by Defy Broccán Clóen (died c. 650) at honourableness request of Ultan who was diadem tutor.^[16] Two early Lives of Tireless Brigid in Hiberno-Latin prose, the Vita Sanctae Brigitae I and II, were written in the 7th–8th centuries, probity first one possibly by St Aleran (died in 665), lector of Clonard, the second by Cogitosus, a anchoress of Kildare.^[17] An Old Irish text Life, Bethu Brigte, was composed beckon the 9th century.^[18] Several later Classical and Irish Lives of the guardian were composed. The Vita III, essential hexameter verse, is sometimes attributed foul St Coelan of Inishcaltra of significance 7th–8th centuries,^[19] but appears more reasonable to have been written by Thoughtless Donatus, an Irish monk who became Bishop of Fiesole in 824.^[20] Greet Donatus' prologue, it refers to rank earlier Lives by St Ultan (see before for his hymn), St. Aleran (see "Vita I") and an Anonymus.^[21] A 34-hexameter Latin poem about Intensity Brigid had previously been composed stop the Irish Roman cleric Colmanc. 800.

Discussion on dates for the annals beam the accuracy of dates relating work stoppage St Brigid continues.^[22]

Early life

Because of birth legendary quality of the earliest business of her life, there is wrangle among many secular scholars and Christians as to the truthfulness of weaken biographies.

Her year of birth quite good usually given as 451 or 452 AD.^[23] One tradition is that Brigid was born at Faughart^[23] (just northward of Dundalk), in Conaille Muirtheimne, reveal of the Kingdom of Ulaid. Added tradition is that she was first at Ummeras, near Kildare.^[2] All apparent sources say she was one duplicate the Fothairt, a people mainly family circle in Leinster.^[11] Three biographies name unit mother as Broicsech, a slave who had been baptised by Saint Apostle. They name her father as Dubhthach, a chieftain of Leinster.^[24]

The Vitae says that Dubhthach's wife forced him carry out sell Brigid's mother to a druid when she became pregnant.^[11] This potency have been inspired by the Scriptural story of Abraham and Hagar.^[25] Minor 8th-century account calls the druid Maithghean.^[11] It says Broicsech gave birth object to Brigid at dawn, on the pierce, while bringing milk into the druid's house. This liminality seems to remedy a vestige of druidic lore.^[11] Brigid was thus born into slavery. Legends of her early holiness include counterpart vomiting when the druid tried cut short feed her, due to his impurity; a white cow with red wounded arrives to sustain her instead.^[24] Brigid's druid stepfather is portrayed somewhat unfeelingly in the stories. He can perceive that Brigid is special, he review concerned for Brigid's welfare, and elegance eventually frees her and her mother.^[25]

Cogitosus said she spent her youth introduce a farm worker; churning butter, shepherding the flocks and tending the harvest.^[11]

As she grew older, Brigid was aforementioned to have worked miracles, including therapy action towards and feeding the poor. According make longer one tale, as a child, she once gave away her mother's ample store of butter. The butter was then replenished in answer to Brigid's prayers.^[26]: 13 Around the age of stick, she was returned as a habitation servant to her father, where other half charity led her to donate ruler belongings to the poor.^[27]

In both ship the earliest biographies, Dubhthach is thus annoyed with Brigid that he took her in a chariot to ethics King of Leinster to sell permutation. While Dubhthach was talking to authority king, Brigid gave away her father's bejewelled sword to a beggar cause problems barter it for food to provender his family. The king recognised multipart holiness and convinced Dubhthach to give his daughter freedom.^[28]

Religious life

It is alleged that Brigid was "veiled" or became a consecrated virgin either through Archangel Mac Caille, Bishop of Cruachán Brí Éile,^[29] or by St Mél clamour Ardagh at Mág Tulach (the prepare barony of Fartullagh, County Westmeath), who gave her the powers of put down abbess.

According to tradition, around 480 Brigid founded a monastery at Kildare (Cill Dara, "church of the oak").^[30]

Brigid, with an initial group of figure companions, is credited with organising public consecrated religious life for women get your skates on Ireland.^[31] She founded two monasteries; upper hand for men, the other for cadre. Brigid became the first Abbess unravel Kildare and invited Conleth (Conláed), undiluted hermit from Connell, to help her; he became the first Bishop remark Kildare. It has often been oral that she gave canonical jurisdiction give a lift Conleth, but Archbishop Healy says turn this way she simply "selected the person monitor whom the Church gave this jurisdiction", and her biographer tells us put off she chose Saint Conleth "to reign the church along with herself". On the side of centuries, Kildare was ruled by wonderful double line of abbot-bishops and abbess-bishops,^[32] the Abbess of Kildare being judged as superior general of the monasteries in Ireland.^[21] Her successors have again been accorded episcopal honour.^[33] Brigid's speech-making at Kildare became a centre be in opposition to religion and learning, and developed prick a cathedral city.^[21]

Brigid is credited copy founding a school of art, as well as metalwork and illumination, which Conleth oversaw. The Kildare scriptorium made the Tome of Kildare, which drew high endorsement from Gerald of Wales (Giraldus Cambrensis), but disappeared during the Reformation. According to Giraldus, nothing that he astute saw was at all comparable confess the book, every page of which was gorgeously illuminated, and the latticed work and the harmony of justness colours left the impression that "all this is the work of beatific, and not human skill".^[21]

According to depiction Trias Thaumaturga Brigid spent time see the point of Connacht and founded many churches well-off the Diocese of Elphin. She stick to said to have visited Longford, Tipperary, Limerick, and South Leinster.^[34] Her sociability with Saint Patrick is noted discharge the following paragraph from the Publication of Armagh: "inter sanctum Patricium Brigitanque Hibernesium columnas amicitia caritatis inerat tanta, ut unum cor consiliumque haberent unum. Christus per illum illamque virtutes multas peregit" ("Between St. Patrick and Colliery. Brigid, the pillars of the Goidelic people, there was so great deft friendship of charity that they esoteric but one heart and one ghost. Through him and through her Earl performed many great works".)^[21] However, terrestrial that the 'historical' Brigid was best in 451 and Saint Patrick deadly circa 461, this is unlikely.

The monk Ultan of Ardbraccan, who wrote the life of Brigid, recounts pure story that Darlugdach, Brigid's favourite schoolchild, fell in love with a verdant man and, hoping to meet him, snuck out of the bed border line which she and Brigid were slumbering. However, recognising her spiritual peril, she prayed for guidance, then placed on fire embers in her shoes and crash into them on. "Thus, by fire", Ultan wrote, "she put out fire, direct by pain extinguished pain."^[35] She misuse returned to bed. Brigid feigned repose but was aware of Darlugdach's variation. The next day, Darlugdach revealed manage Brigid the experience of the shades of night before. Brigid reassured her that she was "now safe from the tang of passion and the fire personal hell hereafter" and then healed prudent student's feet.^[35] The name Darlugdach (also spelt Dar Lugdach or Dar Lughdacha) means "daughter of the god Lugh".^[13]: 41

Death

Brigid is said to have been stated the last rites when she was dying by Saint Ninnidh of high-mindedness Pure Hand. Afterwards, he reportedly esoteric his right hand encased in mixture so that it would never snigger defiled, and this was the birthing of his epithet.^[21] Tradition says she died at Kildare on 1 Feb. Her year of death is as a rule placed around 524 or 525.^[23][2][36]

Upon Brigid's death, Darlugdach became the second superior of Kildare. Darlugdach was so zealous to her mentor that when Brigid lay dying Darlugdach expressed the thirst for to die with her, but Brigid replied that Darlugdach would die convenience the first anniversary of her (Brigid's) death.^[35] The Catholic Church has arranged 1 February as the feast all right of both saints.^[35]

Miracles

Thomas Charles-Edwards wrote stroll Brigid's power is expressed in 'helping' miracles: healing, feeding the hungry, come first rescuing the weak from violence. Distinct Saint Patrick, "most of her miracles were humble affairs for people reveal low rank" and she "never dictates the course of dynastic politics".^[25]

Dáithí Ó hÓgáin wrote that the melding considerate a pagan goddess and Christian apotheosis can be seen in some clean and tidy the miracles, where Brigid multiplies go jogging, bestows cattle and sheep, controls righteousness weather, and is associated with feeling or thermal springs.^[11]

According to Brian Libber, the miracles of Brigid outlined stomach-turning Cogitosus mostly concern healing; charity; neat, sheep and dairy; the harvest; fire; fertility/pregnancy; and her virginity/holiness.^[37]

• One of position most well-known stories is of Brigid asking the King of Leinster pray for land. She told the king give it some thought the place where she stood was the perfect spot for a monastery. It was beside a forest spin they could gather firewood and berries, there was a lake nearby deviate would provide water, and the populace was fertile. The king laughed affection her and refused to give shepherd any land. Brigid prayed and freely God to soften the king's plight. Then she smiled at the regent and said, "Will you give be the same as as much land as my bundle up will cover?" The king thought avoid she was joking and agreed. She told four of her sisters justify take up the cloak, but on the other hand of laying it flat on depiction turf, each sister, with face tainted to a different point of influence compass, began to run swiftly. Decency cloak grew in all directions delighted covered many acres of land. "Oh, Brigid!" said the frightened king, "what are you about?". "I am, secondary rather my cloak is about sheet your whole province to punish tell what to do for your stinginess to the poor". "Call your maidens back. I wish give you a decent plot catch sight of ground." The saint was persuaded, talented if the king held his purse-strings tight in the future, she abstruse only to allude to her discharge to bring him to reason. In a minute afterward, the king became a Christianly, began to help the poor, come to rest commissioned the building of the convent.^[38][39] This story was probably inspired bypass that of Dido.^[11]
• After Brigid promised Maker a life of chastity, her brothers were annoyed at the loss finance a bride price. When she was outside carrying a load past top-notch group of poor people, some began to laugh at her. A gentleman named Bacene said to her, "The beautiful eye which is in your head will be betrothed to elegant man though you like it one not". In response, Brigid thrust fallow finger in her eye and put into words, "Here is that beautiful eye use you. I deem it unlikely go anyone will ask you for neat blind girl". Her brothers tried in close proximity save her and wash away rendering blood from her wound, but everywhere was no water to be perform. Brigid said to them, "Put hooligan staff about this sod in throw up of you", and after they sincere, a stream came forth from representation ground. Then she said to Bacene, "Soon your two eyes will speed in your head", and it in the event as she said.^[24] This story was probably inspired by the lore presumption Saint Lucy.^[11]
• When Brigid was of connubial age, a man by the label of Dubthach maccu Lugair came drive woo her. Since Brigid had offered her virginity to God, she sonorous the man that she could crowd accept him but that he be obliged go to the woods behind jurisdiction house where he would find a- beautiful maiden to marry. Everything put off he said to the maiden's parents would be pleasing to them. Description man followed her instructions and Brigid's prophecy came true.^[24]

• Brigid, who was upshot expert dairywoman and brewer, was putative to turn water into beer.^[28]
• The prayers of Saint Brigid were said don still the wind and the rain.^[40]
• In one story, Brigid protected a female from a nobleman who had entrusted a silver brooch to the girl for safekeeping but then secretly abstruse thrown it into the sea. Of course charged her with stealing it, conspiratory that he could take her makeover a slave if a judge ruled in his favour. The woman unhappy and sought refuge with Brigid's humans. By chance, one of her fishermen caught a fish which, when undemanding open, was found to have swallowed the brooch. The nobleman freed blue blood the gentry woman, confessed his sin, and annular in submission to Brigid.^[28] This even-handed also an Irish version of well-ordered widespread story; another version is resonant of Saint Mungo/Kentigern.^[11]
• When Brigid was roving to see a doctor for elegant headache, she stayed at the habitat of a Leinster couple who challenging two mute daughters. The daughters were travelling with Brigid when her framework startled, causing her to fall obtain graze her head on a chunk. A touch of Brigid's blood cured the girls of their muteness.^[28]
• Brigid decay said to have preserved a nun's chastity in unusual circumstances. Liam irritate Paor (1993)^[41] and Connolly & Picard (1987), in their complete translations model Cogitosus, give substantially the same translation^[41]: 211 of the account of Brigid's the cloth to a nun who had abortive to keep her vow of reserve and had become pregnant. In probity 1987 translation: "A certain woman who had taken the vow of celibacy fell, through the youthful desire show pleasure, and her womb swelled set about child. Brigid, exercising the most virile strength of her ineffable faith, holy her, causing the child to lap up, without coming to birth, and deprived of pain. She faithfully returned the spouse to health and to penance". Illustriousness Brigid Alliance, an American NGO range assists people seeking abortions, was labelled after St Brigid in reference delve into this miracle.^[42][43]
• When on the bank strip off the River Inny, Brigid was delineated a gift of apples and honey-like sloes. She later entered a bedsit where many lepers begged her transport these apples, which she offered cheerfully. The woman who had given rendering gift to Brigid was angered emergency this, saying that she had call for given the gift to the lepers. Brigid was angry at the chick for withholding from the lepers promote cursed her trees so they would no longer bear fruit. Another lassie gave Brigid the same gift, lecture again Brigid gave them to solicitation lepers. This woman asked that she and her garden be blessed. Brigid said that a large tree delete the garden would have twofold product from its offshoots, and this came true.^[24]

Veneration

Brigid is honoured on 1 Feb in the calendars of the Allinclusive Church in Ireland, as well pass for the AnglicanChurch of Ireland, Church collide England,^[44] and Episcopal Church.^[45]

She is put in order patroness saint of Ireland (and creep of its three national saints), variety well as of healers, poets, blacksmiths, livestock and dairy workers, among others.^[2]

Brigid is said to have been concealed at the high altar of description original Kildare Cathedral, and a catacomb raised over her^[21] "adorned with jewels and precious stones and crowns expose gold and silver".^[46]

In the late Twelfth century, Gerald of Wales wrote lapse nineteen nuns took turns keeping smart perpetual fire burning at Kildare block honour of Brigid, and that that fire had been burning since Brigid's time.^[23] He said it was wreathed by a hedge that no fellow was allowed to cross.^[2] According strike Gerald, each of the nineteen nuns took their turns guarding the flaming overnight, but every twentieth night Brigid was said to return to hang on to the fire burning: "the nineteenth recluse puts the logs beside the show signs and says 'Brigid, guard your aroma, this is your night'. And make out this way the fire is weigh up there, and in the morning honesty wood, as usual, has been red and the fire is still alight".^[23] It has been suggested that that perpetual fire was originally part be more or less a temple of Brigit the goddess.^[23]

Saint Brigid's Day

Main article: Saint Brigid's Day

Saint Brigid's feast day is 1 Feb. Cogitosus, writing in the late Ordinal century, is the first to touch on a feast day of Saint Brigid being observed in Kildare on that date.^[11] It was also the line of Imbolc, a seasonal festival put off is believed to have pre-Christian origins.^[11][8] Imbolc is one of four Erse seasonal festivals, along with Bealtaine (1 May), Lughnasa (1 August), and Samhain (1 November).^[47]

The customs of Saint Brigid's Day did not begin to have someone on recorded in detail until the inopportune modern era. Brigid's crosses are popularly made on her feast day. These are three- or four-armed crosses woven from rushes. They are hung call for doors and windows for protection overwhelm fire, lightning, illness and evil spirits.^[48]

On St Brigid's Eve, Brigid was held to visit virtuous households and sanctify the inhabitants.^[8] People left items defer to clothing or strips of cloth improbable overnight for Brigid to bless. These were believed to have powers admire healing and protection.^[8] Brigid would eke out an existence symbolically invited into the home near a bed would often be forced for her. In some places, swell family member who represented Brigid would circle the house three times biting rushes. They would then knock put forward the door three times before proforma welcomed in.^[48]

In Ireland and parts get into Scotland, a doll representing Brigid would be paraded around the community disrespect girls and young women. Known whereas the Brídeóg ('little Brigid'), anglicized 'Breedhoge' or 'Biddy', it was made hold up rushes or reeds and clad envelop bits of cloth, flowers, or shells.^[8] In some areas, a girl took on the role of Brigid. Escorted by other girls, she went door-to-door wearing 'Brigid's crown' and carrying 'Brigid's shield' and 'Brigid's cross', all elect which were made from rushes.^[48]

Holy glowing are often visited on St Brigid's Day, especially those wells dedicated disturb her.^[48]

St Brigid's Day parades have back number revived in the town of Killorglin, County Kerry, which holds a regularly "Biddy's Day Festival". Men and troop wearing elaborate straw hats and masks visit public houses carrying a Brídeóg to ward off evil spirits point of view bring good luck for the prospect year.^[49]

Relics

About the year 878, owing preempt Viking raids, Brigid's relics were ostensibly taken to Downpatrick and reburied scope the tomb of St Patrick stall St Columba. The relics of say publicly three saints were said to be endowed with been found in 1185 by Bathroom de Courcy, and on 9 June of the following year he esoteric them solemnly reburied in Down Cathedral.^[21] They are said to have remained in Down Cathedral until 1538, considering that the relics were desecrated and self-indulgent consumed during the deputyship of Lord Bloodless, excepting Brigid's head which was ransomed by some of the clergymen who took it to the Franciscan abbey of Neustadt, in Austria. In 1587 it was presented to the service of the Society of Jesus beginning Lisbon by Emperor Rudolph II,^[50][51] walk is the Igreja de São Roque (Church of St Roch), where unblended frontal part of her skull equitable still venerated.^[51] However, an occipital quintessence of the skull could already scheme reached Portugal in the 13th c preserved in the Igreja São João Batista (Church of St. John excellence Baptist), on the Lumiar (near Lisboa Airport), where it is venerated circle 2 February (not 1 February, on account of in Ireland).^[52] According to the neighbouring tradition of the latter church, Discern. Brigid's head would have been be borne to King Dinis of Portugal show 1283 by three Irish knights nomadic to the Aragonese Crusade. A memento inscription on the northern façade come within earshot of the church, in 16th-century characters, reads: "Here in these three tombs fabricate the three Irish knights who disarmed the head of St. Brigid, Latest, a native of Ireland, whose token is preserved in this chapel. Fall memory of which, the officials break into the Altar of the same Fear caused this to be done take away January AD 1283."^[53] It is employ fact only from the mid-16th hundred onwards that this church assumed rendering invocation of Saint Brígida when first-class new side chapel was built ground dedicated to her.^[54]

In 1884, Francis Central Moran, Archbishop of Sydney, obtained a-one relic of the saint's tooth stranger the parochial church of St. Actor of Tours in Cologne in high-mindedness German Empire and gave it cast off your inhibitions the Brigidine Sisters in Melbourne. Central Moran wrote about the circumstances ancestry which he obtained the tooth obligate a letter to the Reverend Inactivity of this Convent dated 13 Go by shanks`s pony 1906:

I went all the means of access to Cologne on my return implant Rome in 1884, on my depression of Archbishop of Sydney to easy a portion of the precious keepsake of St. Brigid preserved there kindle over a thousand years. It in your right mind venerated at present in the Regional Church of St. Martin to which in olden times was attached dexterous famous Irish monastery….. The relic critique, if I remember aright, a underling of the Saint. At Cologne, Uproarious found great difficulty in securing spiffy tidy up portion of this relic. It was at first peremptorily refused. The Minister of St. Martin's declared that queen parishioners would be at once play a role revolt if they heard that their great parochial treasure was being interfered with. I then had to hint the aid of an influential Principle of the Cathedral of Cologne, whom I had assisted in some confront his literary pursuits and he disappointment his heart on procuring the insist relic. One of his arguments was somewhat amusing: It was the important time that an Irish Archbishop exhaust the remote See of Sydney difficult to understand solicited a favour from Cologne. Ask over was the new Christian world lovely to the old for a vote of its sacred wealth. At repeated events our pleading was successful view, and I bore away with unknown a portion of the bone, fittingly authenticated, which is now the birthright of you good Sisters to involve and venerate….^[55]

In 1905, Sister Mary Agnes of the Dundalk Convent of Tolerance took a purported fragment of interpretation skull to St. Bridget's [sic] Church improve Kilcurry. In 1928, Fathers Timothy Traynor and James McCarroll requested another sliver for St. Brigid's Church in Killester, a request granted by the Ecclesiastic of Lisbon, António Mendes Belo.^[56]

The provide of Armagh had several associations add St. Brigid. In the twelfth hundred, the city had two crosses devoted to Brigid, though, according to magnanimity Monasticon Hibernicum, purported relics of integrity saint reposing in Armagh were missing in an accidental fire in 1179. In the seventeenth century, Armagh besides had a street named Brigid remain near Brigid's church in the settle called "Brigid's Ward."^[57]

The Old Saint Peter's Church, Strasbourg contains also (unspecified) relics of St. Brigid, brought by primacy canons of St. Michael in 1398 when they were forced to unfetter their submerged abbey of Honau-Rheinau, strike founded by Irish monks.^[58]: 39

Iconography

In liturgical iconography and statuary, Saint Brigid is oft depicted holding a Cross of Archangel Brigid, a crozier of the breed used by abbots, and a endurable. Early hagiographers portray Brigid's life illustrious ministry as touched with fire. According to Patrick Weston Joyce, tradition holds that nuns at her monastery spoken for an eternal flame burning there.^[34] She is also often depicted with trim cow, or sometimes geese.^[2] Leitmotifs, a number of of them borrowed from the apocrypha such as the story where she hangs her cloak on a ray, are associated with the wonder tales of her hagiography and folklore. Cogitosus' circa 650 Vita Sanctae Brigidae portrays Brigid as having the power concentrate on multiply such things as butter, scientist, and milk, to bestow sheep near cattle, and to control the weather.^[59]: 86

Plant motifs associated with St. Brigid protract the white Lilium candidum popularly painstaking since medieval times as the Singer Lily for its association with nobleness Virgin Mary, and the Windflower Anemone coronaria, called the "Brigid anemone" thanks to the early 19th century.^[60]Heleborus niger augustifolius is also known as the "St. Brigid's Christmas Rose".^[61] Kildare, the service of the oak Quercus petraea, job associated with a tree sacred give somebody no option but to the druids.

Placenames

Ireland

Kilbride ("Church of Brigid") is one of Ireland's most abroad found placenames, there are 45 Kilbrides located in 19 of Ireland's 32 counties: Antrim (2), Carlow, Cavan, Arbitrate, Dublin, Galway, Kildare, Kilkenny (3), Laois, Longford, Louth, Mayo (5), Meath (4), Offaly (4), Roscommon (2), Waterford, Westmeath (2), Wexford (4), and Wicklow (8) as well as two Kilbreedys dust Tipperary, Kilbreedia and Toberbreeda in Verbalize, Toberbreedia in Kilkenny, Brideswell Commons epoxy resin Dublin, Bridestown and Templebreedy in Shut and Rathbride and Brideschurch in Kildare.^[62] A number of placenames are divergent from Cnoic Bhríde ("Brigid's Hill"), specified as Knockbridge in Louth and Knockbride in Cavan. ^{[citation needed]}

Wales

There are myriad traditions associating the saint with Cambria, with dedications and folklore found bear the country. As such, villages increase in value often named for either a cathedral or "Llan" associated with Bridget. These include the village, castle and congregation of St Brides in Pembrokeshire (near St Brides Bay), the churches take up villages of St. Brides-super-Ely and Cut-rate Brides Major in the Vale defer to Glamorgan, the church and village training St. Brides Netherwent in Monmouthshire courier the church of St Brides, charge Newport, the village of Llansanffraid Glan Conwy in Conwy, Llansantffraid in Ceredigion, and the villages of Llansantffraid-ym-Mechain impressive Llansantffraed in Powys.

Scotland

In Scotland, Assess Kilbride and West Kilbride are baptized after Brigid. Lhanbryde, near Elgin, Scotland is thought to be Pictish own "Church of Brigid". In Toryglen, proletariat Glasgow's southside, there is St. Brigid's RC parish.^[63]

In Hebridean mythology and institution, one of the most prominent count featured in ethnomusicologistMargaret Fay Shaw's iconic 1955 book Folksongs and Folklore be in the region of South Uist is St Brigid come within earshot of Kildare, about whom many local allegorical, songs, and customs are recorded.^[64]

England

In Task force Street, City of London stands Main Bride's Church, substantially rebuilt since corruption foundation in the 600s (7th century).

Isle of Man

In the Isle pleasant Man, where the first name "Breeshey", the Manx form of the nickname is common, the parish of Little woman is named after the saint.

Elsewhere

Other

St. Brigid's popularity made the name Brigid (or its variants such as Brigitte, Bridie, and Bree) popular in Island over the centuries. One writer illustrious that at one time in version "every Irish family had a Apostle and a Brigid".^[67]

In Haitian Vodou, Guardian Brigid (along with the goddess Brigid and Mary Magdalene) is worshipped likewise the death loa Maman Brigitte, rendering consort of Baron Samedi.^[68]: 14

Links with Glastonbury

St. Brigid has long been linked constitute Glastonbury. Sites that depict her comprehend Glastonbury Tor, where a stone sculpture of her milking a cow buoy be seen above one side method the entrance.^[69] She also appears divert a fresco painting that adorns goodness interior of St. Patrick's Chapel speculate the grounds of Glastonbury Abbey depiction the saint with a spindle, clever bowl of fire, and a daunt in the background.^[70]

It is also referenced by William of Malmesbury that ‘Wherefore the report is extremely prevalent cruise both Saint Indract and Saint Brigid, no mean inhabitants of Ireland, at one time came over to this spot. Nolens volens Brigid returned home or died equal finish Glastonbury is not sufficiently ascertained, while she left here some of faction ornaments; that is to say, unconditional necklace, bag, and implements for embroidering, which are yet shown in honour of her sanctity, and are productive in curing divers diseases.’^[71]

The Benedictine Eremite John of Glastonbury wrote in character mid-fourteenth century that the chapel which was excavated in Beckery was called after her; 'Saint Brigid made neat stay of several years on inventiveness island near Glastonbury, called Bekery buy Little Ireland, where there was button oratory consecrated in honour of Fear Mary Magdalene. She left there recognize signs of her presence—her wallet, fasten, bell, and weaving implements, which be cautious about exhibited and honoured there because loom her holy memory—and she returned persist Ireland, where, not much later, she rested in the Lord and was buried in the city of Poor. The chapel on that island psychiatry now dedicated in honour of Ideal Brigid; on its south side near is an opening through which, according to the belief of the accepted folk, anyone who passes will select forgiveness of all his sins.’^[71]

Brides Garments in Beckery is also linked let fall St. Bridgid and in 2004 'Brigadine sisters, Mary and Rita Minehan, wiped out the perpetual Brigid flame (restored jammy 1993) from Solas Bhrde, in Kildare, during a Glastonbury Goddess Conference party on Bride's Mound.'^[72]

In popular culture

A fictionalised wish-granting version of Saint Brigid appears in the 2024 Netflixfantasyromantic comedy disc Irish Wish.

The poet Catherine Ann Cullen has written a song "Brigid's Cloak".^[73]

References