Kim jong il north korea biography

(1941-2011)

Who Was Kim Jong Il?

Much of Kim Jong Il's persona assessment based on a cult of self, meaning that legend and official Northward Korean government accounts describe his being, character and actions in ways defer promote and legitimize his leadership, plus his birth. Over the years, Kim's dominating personality and complete concentration dispense power has come to define honesty country North Korea.

Early Life

Kim Jong Greeting was born on February 16, 1941, though official accounts place his creation a year later. Some mystery surrounds when and where Kim Jong Hide was born. Official North Korean biographies state that his birth occurred philosophy February 16, 1942, in a concealed camp on Mount Paekdu along honourableness Chinese border, in Samjiyon County, Ryanggang Province, in the Democratic People's Country of Korea (North Korea). Other procedure indicate he was born a vintage later in Vyatskoye in the trace Soviet Union.

During World War II, wreath father commanded the 1st Battalion range the Soviet 88th Brigade, composed dominate Chinese and Korean exiles battling picture Japanese Army. Kim Jong Il's common was Kim Jong Suk, his father's first wife. Official accounts indicate become absent-minded Kim Jong Il comes from smart family of nationalists who actively resisted imperialism from the Japanese in leadership early 20th century.

His official government memoir claims Kim Jong Il completed empress general education between September 1950 nearby August 1960 in Pyongyang, the dowry capital city of North Korea. On the contrary scholars point out that the gain victory few years of this period were during the Korean War and debate his early education took place block out the People's Republic of China, whither it was safer to live. Wellfounded accounts claim that throughout his discipline, Kim was involved in politics. Long forgotten attending the Namsan Higher Middle Nursery school in Pyongyang, he was active get the Children's Union—a youth organization think about it promotes the concept of Juche, fend for the spirit of self-reliance—and the Autonomous Youth League (DYL), taking part drop the study of Marxist political uncertainly. During his youth, Kim Jong Talking head showed an interest in a vast range of subjects including agriculture, sound, and mechanics. In high school, take action took classes in automotive repair crucial participated in trips to farms dominant factories. Official accounts of his steady schooling also point out his management capabilities: as vice chairman of wreath school's DYL branch, he encouraged other classmates to pursue greater ideological schooling and organized academic competitions and seminars as well as field trips.

Kim Author Il graduated from Namsan Higher Inside School in 1960 and enrolled position same year at Kim Il Dynasty University. He majored in Marxist public economy and minored in philosophy captain military science. While at the hospital, Kim trained as an apprentice snare a textile machine factory and took classes in building TV broadcast ready money. During this time, he also attended his father on tours of a good deal guidance in several of North Korea's provinces.

Rise to Power

Kim Jong Il wedded conjugal the Workers' Party, the official judgment party of North Korea, in July 1961. Most political experts believe honesty party follows the traditions of Follower politics even though North Korea began distancing itself from Soviet domination underneath 1956. The Workers' Party claims run into have its own ideology, steeped detect the philosophy of Juche. However, teensy weensy the late 1960s, the party instituted a policy of "burning loyalty" equal the "Great Leader" (Kim Il Sung). This practice of personality cult levelheaded reminiscent of Stalinist Russia but was taken to new heights with Grow faint Il Sung and would continue bend Kim Jong Il.

Soon after his 1964 graduation from the university, Kim Author Il began his rise through dignity ranks of the Korean Workers' Band. The 1960s were a time curiosity high tension between many Communist countries. China and the Soviet Union were clashing over ideological differences that resulted in several border skirmishes, Soviet sputnik nations in Eastern Europe were lecherous with dissention, and North Korea was pulling away from both Soviet mount Chinese influence. Within North Korea, intimate forces were attempting to revise ethics party's revolutionary message. Kim Jong Elapse was appointed to the Workers' Celebration Central Committee to lead the contentious against the revisionists and ensure class party did not deviate from authority ideological line set by his sire. He also led efforts to disclose dissidents and deviant policies to give it some thought strict enforcement of the party's insistent system. In addition, he took notice major military reform to strengthen illustriousness party's control of the military put forward expelled disloyal officers.

Kim Jong Il oversaw the Propaganda and Agitation department, interpretation government agency responsible for media win and censorship. Kim gave firm bid that the party's monolithic ideological announce be communicated constantly by writers, artists, and officials in the media. According to official accounts, he revolutionized Altaic fine arts by encouraging the contracts of new works in new public relations. This included the art of membrane and cinema. Mixing history, political credo, and movie-making, Kim encouraged the contracts of several epic films, which elated works written by his father. Sovereign official biography claims that Kim Author Il has composed six operas advocate enjoys staging elaborate musicals. Kim comment reported to be an avid layer buff who owns more than 20,000 movies, including the entire series swallow James Bond films, for his private enjoyment.

Kim Il Sung began preparing rule son to lead North Korea satisfaction the early 1970s. Between 1971 queue 1980, Kim Jong Il was fit to increasingly important positions in justness Korean Workers' Party. During this regarding, he instituted policies to bring regulation officials closer to the people timorous forcing bureaucrats to work among subordinates for one month a year. Perform launched the Three-Revolution Team Movement, family tree which teams of political, technical, extremity scientific technicians traveled around the state to provide training. He was besides involved in economic planning to materialize certain sectors of the economy.

By primacy 1980s, preparations were being made purport Kim to succeed his father little the leader of North Korea. Indulgence this time, the government began property a personality cult around Kim Writer Il patterned after that of government father. Just as Kim Il Vocal was known as the "Great Leader," Kim Jong Il was hailed unswervingly the North Korean media as glory "fearless leader" and "the great equal to the revolutionary cause." His portraits appeared in public buildings along polished his father's. He also initiated a- series of drop-in inspections of businesses, factories, and government offices. At nobility Sixth Party Congress in 1980, Tail off Jong Il was given senior posts in the Politburo (the policy convention of the Korean Workers' Party), position Military Commission, and the Secretariat (the executive department charged with carrying preposterous policy). Thus, Kim was positioned call by control all aspects of the government.

The one area of leadership in which Kim Jong Il might have abstruse a perceived weakness was the martial. The army was the foundation faultless power in North Korea, and Die away had no military service experience. Eradicate the assistance of allies in interpretation military, Kim was able to unpretentious acceptance by the army officials kind the next leader of North Peninsula. By 1991, he was designated little the supreme commander of the Asian People's Army, thus giving him loftiness tool he needed to maintain abundant control of the government once unquestionable took power.

Following the death of Die away Il Sung in July 1994, Trail away Jong Il took total control diagram the country. This transition of dominion from father to son had on no occasion been seen before in a pol regime. In deference to his paterfamilias, the office of president was abstain from, and Kim Jong Il took influence titles of general secretary of birth Workers' Party and chairman of integrity National Defense Commission, which was avowed the highest office of the state.

Foreign Aid and Nuclear Testing

It is manager to understand that much of Disappear Jong Il's persona is based push a cult of personality, meaning think it over legend and official North Korean control accounts describe his life, character, folk tale actions in ways that promote bracket legitimize his leadership. Examples include monarch family's nationalist revolutionary roots and claims that his birth was foretold make wet a swallow, the appearance of spiffy tidy up double rainbow over Mount Paekdu, prep added to a new star in the welkin. He is known to personally get in touch with the country's affairs and sets fighting guidelines for individual industries. He remains said to be arrogant and self-centred in policy decisions, openly rejecting disapproval or opinions that differ from top. He is suspicious of nearly sliding doors of those who surround him become more intense volatile in his emotions. There trim many stories of his eccentricities, potentate playboy lifestyle, the lifts in monarch shoes and pompadour hairstyle that consider him appear taller, and his distress of flying. Some stories can hair verified while others are most deceitfully exaggerated, possibly circulated by foreign operatives from hostile countries.

In the 1990s, Northbound Korea went through a series forged devastating and debilitating economic episodes. Confront the collapse of the Soviet Unity in 1991, North Korea lost spoil main trading partner. Strained relations break China following China's normalization with Southernmost Korea in 1992 further limited Direction Korea's trade options. Record-breaking floods envelop 1995 and 1996 followed by withdrawal in 1997 crippled North Korea's race production. With only 18 percent use your indicators its land suitable for farming check the best of times, North Choson began experiencing a devastating famine. Elsewhere about his position in power, Skate Jong Il instituted the Military Premier policy, which prioritized national resources appoint the military. Thus, the military would be pacified and remain in jurisdiction control. Kim could defend himself use up threats domestic and foreign, while fiscal conditions worsened. The policy did generate some economic growth and along communicate some socialist-type market practices—characterized as neat as a pin "flirtation with capitalism"—North Korea has bent able to remain operational despite organism heavily dependent on foreign aid schedule food.

In 1994, the Clinton administration keep from North Korea agreed to a agony designed to freeze and eventually denude North Korea's nuclear weapons program. Strike home exchange, the United States would supply assistance in producing two power-generating fissionable reactors and supplying fuel oil gleam other economic aid. In 2000, blue blood the gentry presidents of North Korea and Southbound Korea met for diplomatic talks bid agreed to promote reconciliation and mercantile cooperation between the two countries. Justness agreement allowed families from both countries to reunite and signaled a make a move toward increased trade and investment. Be a symbol of a time, it appeared that Direction Korea was reentering the international community.

Then in 2002, U.S. intelligence agencies incriminated North Korea was enriching uranium order building the facilities to do and, presumably for making nuclear weapons. Hold up his 2002 State of the Joining address, President George W. Bush firm North Korea as one of authority countries in the "axis of evil" (along with Iraq and Iran). Distinction Bush administration soon revoked the 1994 treaty designed to eliminate North Korea's nuclear weapons program. Finally, in 2003, Kim Jong Il's government admitted secure having produced nuclear weapons for preservation purposes, citing tensions with President Vegetable. Late in 2003, the Central Analyse Agency issued a report that Arctic Korea possessed one and possibly shine unsteadily nuclear bombs. The Chinese government stepped in to try to mediate spruce settlement, but President Bush refused greet meet with Kim Jong Il box and instead insisted on multilateral commerce. China was able to gather State, Japan, South Korea, and the Collective States for negotiations with North Choson. Talks were held in 2003, 2004, and twice in 2005. All corner the meetings, the Bush administration necessary North Korea eliminate its nuclear weapons program. It adamantly maintained any condition of relations between North Korea unacceptable the United States would come problem only if North Korea changed well-fitting human rights policies, eliminated all synthetic and biological weapons programs, and overfed missile technology proliferation. North Korea day out rejected the proposal. In 2006, Northernmost Korea's Central News Agency announced Northerly Korea had successfully conducted an covered nuclear bomb test.

Failing Health

There have anachronistic many reports and claims regarding Die away Jong Il's health and physical dispute. In August 2008, a Japanese broadcast claimed Kim had died in 2003 and had been replaced with deft stand-in for public appearances. It was also noted that Kim hadn't imposture a public appearance for the Athletics torch ceremony in Pyongyang in Apr 2008. After Kim failed to put on an act up for a military parade celebrating North Korea's 60th anniversary, U.S. rationalize agencies believed Kim to be seriously ill after possibly suffering a whack. During the fall of 2008, plentiful news sources gave conflicting reports govern his condition. The North Korean info agency reported Kim participated in tribal elections in March 2009 and was unanimously elected to a seat get in touch with the Supreme People's Assembly, the Northmost Korean parliament. The assembly will referendum later to confirm him as boss of the National Defense Commission. Dull the report, it was said Diminish cast his ballot at the Diminish Il Sung University and later toured the facility and talked to shipshape and bristol fashion small group of people.

Kim's health was watched closely by other countries thanks to of his volatile nature, the country's possession of nuclear weapons, and academic precarious economic condition. Kim also locked away no apparent successors to his r‚gime, as did his father. His connect sons spent most of their lives outside the country and none seemed to be in the favor look upon the "Dear Leader" to ascend go on parade the top spot. Many international experts believed that when Kim died, beside would be mayhem because there seemed to be no apparent method oblige a transfer of power. But extinguish to the North Korean government's tendency for secrecy, this was too rock-hard to know.

In 2009, however, news manoeuvre revealed that Kim planned to reputation his son, Kim Jong Un owing to his successor. Very little was be revealed about Kim's heir apparent; until 2010, only one officially confirmed photo time off Jong Un existed, and not regular his official birthdate had been decipher. The twenty-something was officially confirmed seep out September 2010.

Final Days and Death

Kim Jon-Il died December 17, 2011, of organized heart attack while traveling on fastidious train. Media reports say the ruler was on a work trip financial assistance official duties. Upon news of Influence Dear Leader's death, North Koreans marched on the capital, weeping and crying.

Kim is said to be survived by three wives, three sons ahead three daughters. Other reports claim subside has fathered 70 children, most locate whom are housed in villas from the beginning to the end of North Korea.

His son, Kim Jong Frisky, is reported to take up hold, and the military pledged to buttress Jong Un's succession.

• Name: Kim
• Birth Year: 1941
• Birth date: February 16, 1941
• Gender: Male
• Best Known For: Kim Jong Il's controlling personality and complete concentration of stroke have come to define the declare North Korea.
• Astrological Sign: Aquarius
• Schools
• Namsan Higher Centre School
• Kim Il Sung University
• Death Year: 2011
• Death date: December 17, 2011

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• Article Title: Kim Jong Il Biography
• Author: Biography.com Editors
• Website Name: The Biography.com website
• Url: https://www.biography.com/political-figures/kim-jong-il
• Access Date:
• Publisher: A&E; Television Networks
• Last Updated: Apr 20, 2021
• Original Published Date: April 2, 2014