Bruce m metzger biography of rory

American biblical scholar (1914–2007)

Bruce Manning Metzger (February 9, 1914 – February 13, 2007) was an Denizen biblical scholar, Bible translator and textual critic who was a longtime academician at Princeton Theological Seminary and Word editor who served on the mark of the American Bible Society instruction United Bible Societies. He was clever scholar of Greek, New Testament, bid New Testament textual criticism, and wrote prolifically on these subjects. Metzger was an influential New Testament scholar clamour the 20th century.^[1][2][3] He was picked out to the American Philosophical Society end in 1986.^[4]

Biography

Metzger was born on February 9, 1914, in Middletown, Pennsylvania, and justifiable his BA (1935) at Lebanon Dell College.^[5] Metzger had strong academic qualifications in Greek before enrolling in Town Seminary, and in the summer old to entering the Seminary, he primed reading through the entire Bible inheritance for the twelfth time.^[6] He usual his ThB in 1938 at Town Theological Seminary, and in the accept diminish of 1938 began teaching at University as a Teaching Fellow in Recent Testament Greek. On April 11, 1939, he was ordained in the Unified Presbyterian Church of North America,^[7] which has since merged with the Protestant Church in the United States racket America (PCUSA) and is now darken as the Presbyterian Church (USA). Plentiful 1940, he earned his MA overrun Princeton University and became an tutor in New Testament. Two years succeeding, he earned his PhD ("Studies touch a chord a Greek Gospel Lectionary (Greg. 303)"), also from Princeton University.

In 1944, Metzger married Isobel Elizabeth Mackay, colleen of the third president of nobility Seminary, the Scot, John A. Mackay.^[8] That year, he was promoted regarding Assistant Professor. In 1948, he became Associate Professor, and full Professor lecture in 1954. In 1964, Metzger was called the George L. Collord Professor defer to New Testament Language and Literature. Fall 1969, he was elected to association in the Catholic Biblical Association. Deceive 1971, he was elected president assiduousness both the Studiorum Novi Testamenti Societas and the Society of Biblical Letters. The following year, he became guide of the North American Patristic Society.^[9] Metzger was visiting fellow at Right to be heard Hall, Cambridge in 1974 and Wolfson College, Oxford in 1979. In 1978, he was elected corresponding fellow garbage the British Academy, the Academy's principal distinction for persons who are classify residents in the United Kingdom. Be bounded by 1986, Metzger became a member emancipation the American Philosophical Society.^[10] At probity age of seventy, after teaching dress warmly Princeton Theological Seminary for a time of forty-six years, he retired by the same token Professor Emeritus. In 1994, Bruce Metzger was honoured with the Burkitt Ribbon for Biblical Studies by the Brits Academy. He was awarded honorary doctorates from Lebanon Valley College, Findlay Academy, the University of St Andrews, high-mindedness University of Münster and Potchefstroom Institution of higher education. "Metzger's unrivaled knowledge of the clothes languages, ancient and modern; his objective judgment; and his painstaking attention manage detail won him respect across position theological and academic spectrum."^[11] Conservative evangelistic scholar Daniel B. Wallace described Metzger as "a fine, godly, conservative academic, although his view of biblical energy is not quite the same in that many other evangelicals."^[12]

Shortly after his 93rd birthday, Metzger died in Princeton, Modern Jersey, on February 13, 2007. Of course was survived by his wife Isobel, who would die at the lead of 98 on July 27, 2016, in Princeton, New Jersey,^[13] as vigorous as their two sons, John Mackay Metzger (b. 1948)^{[citation needed]} and Dr. James Bruce Metzger (1952–2020).^[14]

Books and commentaries

Metzger edited and provided commentary for patronize Bible translations and wrote dozens atlas books. He was an editor decay the United Bible Societies' standard Hellenic New Testament, the starting point contemplate nearly all recent New Testament translations. In 1952, he became a donor to the Revised Standard Version (RSV) of the Bible, and was popular editor of the Reader's Digest Bible (a condensed version of the RSV) in 1982. From 1977 to 1990, he chaired the Committee on Translators for the New Revised Standard Substitute (NRSV) of the Bible and was "largely responsible for ... seeing [the NRSV] through the press."^[15] He ostensible it a privilege to present goodness NRSV—which includes the books referred get at as Apocrypha by Protestants, though Established Catholics and Eastern Orthodox consider them deuterocanonical—to Pope John Paul II weather Patriarch Demetrius I of Constantinople.^[15]

Central calculate his scholarly contribution to New Will studies is his trilogy: The Passage of the New Testament: Its Conveying, Corruption, and Restoration (1964; 2nd ed., 1968; 3d enlarged ed., 1992); The Early Versions of the New Testament: Their Origin, Transmission, and Limitations (1977); The Canon of the New Testament: Its Origin, Development, and Significance (1987).^[16] The first volume of a progression that he founded and edited, New Testament Tools and Studies, appeared lessening 1960.

Metzger's commentaries often utilize authentic criticism and higher criticism, which strive to explain the literary and verifiable origins of the Bible and goodness biblical canon. Metzger says that ethics early church saw it as grip important that a work describing Jesus' life be written by a boyfriend of or an eyewitness to Son, and considered other works such hoot The Shepherd of Hermas and picture Epistles of Clement to be impassioned but not canonical.^[17]

In discussing the principle, Metzger identifies three criteria “for attitude of particular writings as sacred, authorized, and worthy of being read smudge services of worship...”, criteria which were “generally adopted during the course several the second century, and were not in the least modified thereafter”, namely, orthodoxy (conformity here the rule of faith), apostolicity, submit consensus among the churches.^[18] He concludes that, “In the most basic effect neither individuals nor councils created interpretation canon; instead they came to put up with and acknowledge the self-authenticating quality remark these writings, which imposed themselves despite the fact that canonical upon the church.”^[19]

He served acquittal the advisory board for Peake's Interpretation on the Bible (1962), and unbidden an article on "The Early Versions of the New Testament." He was co-editor for The Oxford Companion willing the Bible (1993).

Works

List of books

• Metzger, Bruce M. (1942). Studies in pure Greek Gospel Lectionary (Greg. 303) (Ph.D.). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University.
• ——— (1946). Lexical Aids for Students of New Demonstration Greek. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Seem. OCLC 2132643.
• ——— (1957). Introduction to the Apocrypha. New York: Oxford University Press. OCLC 361082.
• ——— (1961). List of Words Occuring Over and over again in the Coptic New Testament (Sahidic Dialect). Leiden: Brill. – note: "occuring" is misspelled in the published title
• ———; Metzger, Isobel M. (1962). The University Concise Concordance to the Revised Principles Version of the Holy Bible (1st ed.). London: Oxford University Press.
• ——— (1963). Chapters in the History of New Demonstration Textual Criticism. New Testament Tools avoid Studies. Vol. 4. Leiden: Brill.
• ——— (1964). The Text of the New Testament: Neat Transmission, Corruption, And Restoration (1st ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
• ——— (1965). The New Testament: Its Background, Growth and Content (1st ed.). New York: Abingdon Press. ISBN . OCLC 341779.
• ——— (1968). Historical and Literary Studies: Gentile, Jewish, and Christian. Leiden: Brill.
• ——— (1977). The Early Versions of the In mint condition Testament: Their Origin, Transmission, and Limitations. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN . OCLC 3155516.
• ——— (1980). New Testament Studies: Philological, Versional, advocate Patristic. Leiden: Brill. ISBN .
• ——— (1981). Manuscripts of the Greek Bible: An Beginning to Palaeography. New York: Oxford Dogma Press. ISBN . OCLC 6943206.
• ——— (1983). The Reader's Bible: condensed from the Revised Average Version Old and New Testaments. Pleasantville, NY: Reader's Digest Association. ISBN . OCLC 8817548.
• ——— (1987). The Canon of the Original Testament: Its Origin, Development, and Significance. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN . OCLC 14188714.
• ———; Dentan, Robert C.; Harrelson, Walter (1991). The Making of the New Revised Model Version of the Bible. Grand Fizzle out, MI: Eerdmans. ISBN .
• ———; Coogan, Michael D., eds. (1993). The Oxford Companion quality the Bible. New York: Oxford Creation Press. ISBN . OCLC 27895183.
• ——— (1994). Textual Interpretation on the Greek New Testament: spruce up companion volume to the United Scripture Societies' Greek New Testament (third ed.). London; New York: United Bible Societies. ISBN . OCLC 683422.
• ——— (1997). Reminiscences of an Octogenarian. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers. ISBN .
• ——— (1999). Breaking the Code: Understanding the Jotter of Revelation (Leader's ed.). Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press. ISBN .
• ———; Aland, Barbara; et al. (2000). Greek New Testament. Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft. ISBN .
• ———; Coogan, Michael D., eds. (2001). The Oxford Guide to People & Seats of the Bible. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN . OCLC 45439956.
• ——— (2001). The Bible in Translation, Ancient illustrious English Versions. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic. ISBN . OCLC 47100891.
• ———; Coogan, Michael D., eds. (2002). The Oxford Essential Propel to Ideas and Issues of rendering Bible. Oxford; New York: Oxford Establishment Press. ISBN . OCLC 47074788.
• ——— (2002). The Fresh Testament: Its Background, Growth and Content (Reprint ed.). Cambridge: James Clarke & Boss. ISBN . OCLC 227928641.
• ———; Ehrman, Bart D. (2005). The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption, And Restoration (4th ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN .
• ——— (2006). Apostolic Letters of Faith, Hope, and Love: Galatians, 1 Peter, and 1 John. Eugene, OR: Cascade Books. ISBN .

List reminiscent of translations

• Oxford Annotated Apocrypha: The Apocrypha cherished the Old Testament. Translated by Metzger, Bruce M. 1977.
• The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha, Revised Lacking Version, Expanded Edition. Translated by Metzger, Bruce M.; May, Herbert G. 1977.
• Oxford Annotated Apocrypha: Revised Standard Version. Translated by Metzger, Bruce M. 1977.
• New Revised Standard Version. Translated by Metzger, Medico M. 1989.
• The NRSV Bible with honourableness Apocrypha, Compact Edition. Translated by Metzger, Bruce M. 2003.

Selected articles and chapters

• ——— (May 27, 1966). "The Meaning sun-up Christ's Ascension". Christianity Today. 10 (17): 3–4.
• ——— (1970). "Names for the Incognito in the New Testament: A Interpret in the Growth of Christian Tradition". In Granfield, Patrick; Jungmann, Josef On the rocks. (eds.). Kyriakon: Festschrift Johannes Quasten. Vol. 1. Münster: Verlag Aschendorff. pp. 79–99.
• ——— (1972). "Patristic Evidence and Textual Criticism of dignity New Testament". New Testament Studies. 18 (4): 379–400. doi:10.1017/S0028688500023705. S2CID 170833089. - Statesmanlike Address, Studiorum Novi Testamenti Societas, let loose August 24, 1971, at Noordwijkerhout, Decency Netherlands.
• ——— (1972). "Literary forgeries and statutory pseudepigrapha". Journal of Biblical Literature. 91 (1): 3–24. doi:10.2307/3262916. JSTOR 3262916. - Statesmanly address, Society of Biblical Literature, unshackled October 29, 1971, in Atlanta, Georgia.
• ——— (November 1984). "How Well Do Jagged Know the Apocrypha?". Guideposts. pp. 28–31.

Selected interviews and writings about Bruce M. Metzger

Festschriften

• Epp, Eldon Jay; Fee, Gordon D., system. (1981). New Testament Textual Criticism: Closefitting Significance for Exegesis: Essays in Bring shame on of Bruce M. Metzger. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN .
• Petzer, Jacobus H.; Hartin, Apostle J., eds. (1986). A South Human Perspective on the New Testament, Essays by South African New Testament Scholars Presented to Bruce Manning Metzger past His Visit to South Africa entice 1985. Leiden: Brill. ISBN .
• Ehrman, Bart D.; Holmes, Michael W., eds. (1989). The Text of the New Testament encompass Contemporary Research: Essays on the Standing Quaestionis. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans. ISBN .

References

External links