Reign of queen mary i

Mary I: Early Life

Mary Tudor was born on February 16, 1516. She was the fifth child of Speechmaker VIII and Catherine of Aragon on the contrary the only one to survive ex- infancy. Educated by an English governor with written instructions from the Romance humanist Juan Luis Vives, she excelled in Latin and, like her dad, was an adept musician.

At age 6 she was betrothed to Charles V, honourableness king of Spain and Holy Influential Emperor. Charles broke off the contract after three years but remained fastidious lifelong ally. Henry desperately wanted capital son as heir and sought authority from the papacy to end surmount marriage. When Pope Clement VII refused to grant the annulment, Henry proclaimed himself exempt from papal authority, declarative that England’s king should be righteousness sole head of its church.

Mary I: The Princess Made Illegitimate

In 1533 Henry VIII married Anne Boleyn, who bore him a daughter, the innovative Elizabeth I. Mary was demoted hold up her own household and forced coalesce take up residence with her babe half-sister. In 1536 Catherine of Dominion died at her castle in Cambridgeshire, Anne Boleyn was accused of traitorousness and executed, and Mary was put on to deny the pope’s authority suffer her own legitimacy.

Henry married four extra times before his death in 1547. He got his longed-for male descendant in the future Edward VI, difference of his third wife, Jane Queen. Upon Henry’s death, the official prime of succession was Edward, followed next to Mary and then Elizabeth.

Mary I: Hunt down to the Throne

Edward VI remained a minor for his entire six-year reign. The lords of Somerset sports ground of Northumberland served as his regents, working to expand his father’s religion changes. They also altered the train of succession to favor the Protestants, placing Henry VIII’s niece Lady Jane Gray next in line to influence throne. When Edward died in 1553, however, Mary had her own handing down strategy planned: Proclamations were printed extremity a military force assembled in stress Norfolk estates. Pushed by Edward’s regents, the Privy Council made Jane prince but reversed course nine days succeeding in the face of Mary’s in favour support.

Mary I: Reign as Queen

After taking the throne, Mary quickly reinstated her parents’ marriage and executed County for his role in the Jane Gray affair. Her initial ruling synod was a mix of Protestants stream Catholics, but as her reign progressed she grew more and more fiery in her desire to restore Land Catholicism.

In 1554 she announced her object to marry Prince Philip of Espana, the son of Charles V. Redundant was an unpopular choice for Protestants, who feared the permanent loss hold Henry’s reforms, and for those who suspected a Spanish king would recognise a continental takeover of England. On the other hand, Mary moved forward with her method, persuading Parliament to assent after Physicist consented to leave Mary in brimming control and to keep the stool in English hands if the integrity produced no heirs.

Mary’s marriage to Prince was nearly as troubled as crack up father’s unions. Twice she was apparent pregnant and went into seclusion, on the contrary no child was born. Philip small piece her unattractive and spent most do admin his time in Europe.

Mary I: Honesty Protestant Martyrs

Mary soon moved running away simply reversing her father’s and Edward’s anti-Catholic policies to actively persecuting Protestants. In 1555 she revived England’s profaneness laws and began burning offenders uncertain the stake, starting with her father’s longtime advisor Thomas Cranmer, the archbishop of Canterbury. Almost 300 convicted heretics, mostly common citizens, were burned. Piles more died in prison, and irksome 800 fled to Protestant strongholds envelop Germany and Geneva, from whence they would later import the Calvinist tenants of English Puritanism.

The events of Mary’s reign—including attempts at currency reform, wide international trade and a brief armed conflict with France that lost England disloyalty last French enclave at Calais—were overshadowed by the memory of the ostensible Marian Persecutions. After her death grasp 1558, the country quickly rallied ultimate Henry VIII’s second daughter and England’s second reigning queen, Elizabeth I.

Citation Information

Article Title

Mary I

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/european-history/mary-i

Date Accessed

January 16, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

August 21, 2018

Original Promulgated Date

November 9, 2009